Shloka 4
यज्ञप्रवर्तनम् (Yajña-pravartana) — The Institution/Commencement of Sacrifice in Dvāpara
Devanagari script
यज्ञावधारणं दण्डो मदो दंभः क्षमा बलम् / एषा रजस्तमोयुक्ता प्रवृत्तिर्द्वापरे स्मृता
Transliteration
yajñāvadhāraṇaṃ daṇḍo mado daṃbhaḥ kṣamā balam / eṣā rajastamoyuktā pravṛttirdvāpare smṛtā
Translation
Sự định đoạt tế lễ chỉ theo hình thức, hình phạt, kiêu mạn, giả dối, và lòng ‘khoan dung’ dựa vào sức mạnh—đó là khuynh hướng Dvāpara, pha rajas và tamas.
Word by Word
yajña-avadhāraṇamrestriction/limitation of sacrifice
yajña-avadhāraṇam:
Karta (कर्ता) / Uddeśya (उद्देश्य) in list
TypeNoun
Rootyajña (प्रातिपदिक) + avadhāraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṃsakaliṅga (neuter), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular); Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) (yajñasya avadhāraṇam)
daṇḍaḥpunishment; coercion
daṇḍaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / item in enumeration
TypeNoun
Rootdaṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
madaḥpride; intoxication
madaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / item in enumeration
TypeNoun
Rootmada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
daṃbhaḥhypocrisy; ostentation
daṃbhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) / item in enumeration
TypeNoun
Rootdaṃbha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
kṣamāforbearance; patience
kṣamā:
Karta (कर्ता) / item in enumeration
TypeNoun
Rootkṣamā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (feminine), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
balamstrength
balam:
Karta (कर्ता) / item in enumeration
TypeNoun
Rootbala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṃsakaliṅga (neuter), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
eṣāthis (f.)
eṣā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (feminine), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
rajas-tamas-yuktāendowed with rajas and tamas
rajas-tamas-yuktā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of eṣā/pravṛttiḥ
TypeAdjective
Rootrajas (प्रातिपदिक) + tamas (प्रातिपदिक) + yukta (कृदन्त from √yuj)
FormStrīliṅga (feminine), Prathamā-vibhakti, Eka-vacana; Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) with dvandva-like base 'rajas-tamas' + yukta; past passive participle (क्त) 'yukta' = 'joined with'
pravṛttiḥtendency; activity
pravṛttiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpravṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (feminine), Prathamā-vibhakti (1st/nominative), Eka-vacana (singular)
dvāparein Dvāpara
dvāpare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdvāpara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine), Saptamī-vibhakti (7th/locative), Eka-vacana (singular)
smṛtāis said/remembered (as)
smṛtā:
Kriyā (क्रिया) / Predicative (विधेय)
TypeVerb
Rootsmṛ (धातु) → smṛta (कृदन्त, क्त)
FormKṛdanta past passive participle (क्त), Strīliṅga, Prathamā-vibhakti, Eka-vacana; used predicatively with implied 'asti'