Srimad Bhagavatam — Ashtama Skandha, Shloka 3

Aditi’s Lament and Kaśyapa’s Instruction of the Payo-vrata (Milk Vow) to Please Keśava

Devanagari script

स पत्नीं दीनवदनां कृतासनपरिग्रह: । सभाजितो यथान्यायमिदमाह कुरूद्वह ॥ ३ ॥

Transliteration

sa patnīṁ dīna-vadanāṁ kṛtāsana-parigrahaḥ sabhājito yathā-nyāyam idam āha kurūdvaha

Translation

Hỡi bậc ưu tú của dòng Kuru, sau khi Kaśyapa Muni được tiếp đón đúng lễ, ngài ngồi xuống rồi nói như sau với Aditi, người vợ có gương mặt u sầu.

Synonyms

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; 'he' (Kaśyapa)

• पत्नीम्: (his) wife
• पत्नीम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पत्नी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; 'wife'

• दीनवदनाम्: with a sorrowful face
• दीनवदनाम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन + वदना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः—दीनं वदनं यस्याः = 'with a sorrowful face' (qualifies 'पत्नीम्')

• कृतासनपरिग्रहः: having taken a seat
• कृतासनपरिग्रहः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत + आसन + परिग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—कृतः आसनपरिग्रहः यस्य = 'one who had arranged/taken a seat' (i.e., having taken his seat)

• सभाजितः: having been duly honored
• सभाजितः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + भाज् (धातु) → सभाजित (क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; 'having been honored/received'

• यथा: according to
• यथा: प्रकार (Manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकार-वाचक अव्यय (manner): 'as, according to'

• न्यायम्: proper rule/propriety
• न्यायम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial accusative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: न्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd) एकवचन; 'rule, propriety' — used adverbially with 'यथा' = 'according to propriety'

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; 'this' (object of 'आह')

• आह: said
• आह: क्रिया (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्/ब्रू (धातु; 'to say')
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/परोक्सभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; 'said'

• कुरूद्वह: O best of the Kurus
• कुरूद्वह: सम्बोधन (Address/Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु + उद्वह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/vocative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—कुरूणाम् उद्वहः = 'best of the Kurus' (address to Parīkṣit)

Characters & Entities

• Kaśyapa
• Aditi
• Parīkṣit Mahārāja

FAQs

What does the Srimad Bhagavatam say about honoring guests and proper etiquette?

This verse highlights that Kaśyapa first arranged a seat and received Aditi properly “according to custom,” showing that dharmic etiquette and respectful reception come before speaking on serious matters.

Why did Kaśyapa speak to Aditi after seating and honoring her?

Aditi was visibly distressed; Kaśyapa followed proper conduct—offering respect and comfort—then began the conversation that will lead to guidance about her vow and the Lord’s arrangement.

How can this verse be applied in modern life?

When someone is troubled, first offer respect, a safe space, and calm attention; then speak—good counsel is best received when delivered with dignity and care.