Vyasanadhikarana Adhyaya 4 Sutra 40 - Arthashastra | Vietnamese | Vedapath

Kautilya

Sutra 40

Devanagari script

अभिजातोपरुद्धा भूमिरत्यन्तमहोपकारापि क्षमा मोक्षयितुं व्यसनाबाधभयात्पशुव्रजोपरुद्धा तु कोशवाहनोपकारिणी न क्षमा मोक्षयितुमन्यत्र सस्यवापोपरोधादिति ॥ कZ_०८.४.४० ॥

Transliteration

abhijātoparuddhā bhūmir atyantamahopakārāpi kṣamā mokṣayituṃ vyasanābādhabhayāt paśuvrajoparuddhā tu kośavāhanopakāriṇī na kṣamā mokṣayitum anyatra sasyavāpoparodhād iti.

Translation

Đất bị những người quyền thế (dòng dõi cao) chiếm giữ—dù đem lại lợi ích rất lớn—có thể được giải tỏa, vì sợ tai họa và sự quấy nhiễu. Nhưng đất bị đàn gia súc chiếm giữ, vốn có lợi cho kho tàng và vận tải (nhờ sản phẩm và sức kéo), thì không nên giải tỏa—trừ khi nó cản trở việc gieo trồng và canh tác.

Word by Word

अभिजातwell-born; of good lineage

उपरुद्धाblocked; obstructed; besieged

भूमिःland; territory

अत्यन्तम्excessively; extremely

महाgreat

उपकाराbeneficial; rendering great service/benefit

अपिeven; although

क्षमाfit to be pardoned/forgiven; tolerable

मोक्षयितुम्to release; to set free; to let go

व्यसनcalamity; misfortune; distress

आबाधaffliction; harassment; constraint

भयात्from fear; due to fear

पशुcattle; livestock

व्रजherd; drove

उपरुद्धाblocked; obstructed

तुbut; however

कोशtreasury

वाहनvehicles; transport; conveyance

उपकारिणीbeneficial to the treasury and transport/vehicles

नnot

क्षमाfit to be released/forgiven

मोक्षयितुम्to release

अन्यत्रexcept; otherwise; elsewhere

सस्यcrops; grain

वापsowing; planting

उपरोधात्from obstruction; due to prevention/blocking

इतिthus

Entities Mentioned

abhijāta (powerful elites)

paśuvraja (livestock herds)

kośa (treasury)

vāhana (transport/draught)

bhūmi (land)

FAQs

What is the administrative rule on releasing occupied land?

Release land occupied by powerful elites if keeping it risks broader calamity/harassment; do not release land used by herds if it supports revenue and transport, unless it blocks sowing.

Why treat cattle-occupation differently from elite-occupation?

Because cattle occupation can be fiscally and logistically productive (kośa and vāhana), whereas elite occupation can trigger political/security risks if contested.