Sutra 8

Devanagari script

नेति भारद्वाजः ॥ कZ_०८.३.०८ ॥

Transliteration

neti bhāradvājaḥ

Translation

“Không,” Bhāradvāja nói (tức là ông phản đối).

Word by Word

• न: not; no
• Type: Particle
• Root: न (निषेधार्थक अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय; वाक्यनिषेधः

• इति: thus; so (quotative marker)
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति (उद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थक अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरणार्थक/वाक्यसमाप्त्यर्थक अव्यय; पूर्वोक्तवचन-निर्देशः

• भारद्वाजः: Bharadvāja (the authority/teacher)
• Type: Noun (Proper)
• Root: भारद्वाज (ऋषिनाम/गोत्रनाम)
• Form: प्रथमा एकवचनम्; पुंलिङ्गः; कर्तृ/वक्तृ-निर्देशः (मतप्रवर्तकः)

Entities Mentioned

• Bhāradvāja

More Details

FAQs

Why does Kauṭilya include named dissent like Bhāradvāja’s?

It models governance as deliberative: competing assessments are recorded and then adjudicated, strengthening the final rule as a reasoned policy choice.