Sutra 2
Devanagari script
ये जनपदे शूरास्त्यक्तात्मानो हस्तिनं व्यालं वा द्रव्यहेतोः प्रतियोधयेयुस्ते तीक्ष्णाः ॥ कZ_०१.१२.०२ ॥
Transliteration
ye janapade śūrās tyaktātmāno hastinaṃ vyālaṃ vā dravyahetoḥ pratiyodhayeyus te tīkṣṇāḥ
Translation
Những người ở thôn dã dũng cảm, coi thường mạng sống, và vì tiền mà dám giao chiến với voi hay thú dữ—những người như vậy gọi là “tīkṣṇa” (đặc vụ cứng rắn, sắc bén).
Word by Word
येthose who
ये:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formsarvanāma; prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga (janapadāḥ iti viśeṣya-anusāra)
जनपदेin the countryside/territory (of the realm)
जनपदे:
TypeNoun
Rootजनपद
Formsaptamī-vibhakti; ekavacana; pumliṅga/napuṃsakaliṅga (usage varies); adhikaraṇa (locative)
शूराःbrave men/valiant persons
शूराः:
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootशूर
Formprathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga; kartṛ (subject)
त्यक्तात्मानःself-abandoning; reckless (risking their own lives)
त्यक्तात्मानः:
TypeAdjective (participial)
Rootत्यज् (kta) + आत्मन्
Formprathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga; kta-participle used adjectivally; viśeṣaṇa of śūrāḥ
हस्तिनम्an elephant
हस्तिनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootहस्तिन्
Formdvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; pumliṅga; karma (object)
व्यालम्a wild beast
व्यालम्:
TypeNoun
Rootव्याल
Formdvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; pumliṅga; karma (object)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formavyaya; vikalpa (disjunction)
द्रव्यहेतोःfor the sake of wealth; out of greed for money
द्रव्यहेतोः:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootद्रव्य + हेतु
Formpañcamī-vibhakti; ekavacana; pumliṅga (hetu); hetu/nimitta (cause/motive)
प्रतियोधयेयुःwould/should fight against; would engage in combat with
प्रतियोधयेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध् (prati + yudh)
Formliṅ (vidhi-liṅ/potential); parasmaipada; prathama-puruṣa; bahuvacana; ātmane/karmaṇi nuance not intended—active: 'should fight'
तेthey; those (persons)
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formprathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga; anuvāda (resumptive: 'those')
तीक्ष्णाः(they are) ruthless/harsh men; 'sharp' operatives
तीक्ष्णाः:
TypeNoun/Adjective (technical class)
Rootतीक्ष्ण
Formprathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga; predicate nominative; viśeṣaṇa used substantively
Entities Mentioned
T
tīkṣṇa (hard operative)J
janapada (countryside)FAQs
To match task to temperament: high-risk coercive missions require operatives with extreme risk tolerance and readiness for violence.