Sutra 20

Devanagari script

कृतस्य प्रियहिताभ्यामुभयतः परिपालनं यथासम्भाषितस्य च निबन्धनस्यानुवर्तनं रक्षणं च कथं परस्मान्न भिद्येत इति कृतश्लेषणम् ॥ कZ_०७.६.२० ॥

Transliteration

kṛtasya priyahitābhyām ubhayataḥ paripālanaṃ yathāsambhāṣitasya ca nibandhanasyānuvartanaṃ rakṣaṇaṃ ca kathaṃ parasmān na bhidyeta iti kṛtaśleṣaṇam

Translation

“Chính sách đối với điều đã kết”: gìn giữ liên minh từ cả hai phía bằng những điều làm vừa lòng và có lợi; bảo đảm việc tuân thủ và bảo vệ các điều khoản đã thỏa thuận; và hành động sao cho bên kia không ly khai—đó là việc củng cố mối ràng buộc sau khi đã kết ước.

Word by Word

• कृतस्य: of what has been concluded/done (i.e., of the concluded arrangement)
• Type: Noun (PPP used substantively)
• Root: कृ
• Form: कृत (कृ + क्त), पुं/नपुं; षष्ठी एकवचन; ‘of the done/settled (agreement/act)’

• प्रिय: by what is pleasing / agreeable means
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: प्री
• Form: प्रिय, नपुं; तृतीया बहुवचन (instrumental) — with ‘by/through what is pleasing’

• हिताभ्याम्: by/with the beneficial (the two: pleasant and beneficial)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: हि (हित)
• Form: हित, नपुं; तृतीया/पञ्चमी/षष्ठी द्विवचन; here with प्रिय → तृतीया द्विवचन sense ‘by the two: pleasant and beneficial’

• उभयतः: on both sides / in both respects
• Type: Indeclinable (Adverb)
• Root: उभय
• Form: अव्यय; ‘from both sides / in both ways’

• परिपालनम्: maintenance/observance (of it)
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: पाल्
• Form: परि-पालन, नपुं; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; here as a topic-noun ‘maintenance/observance’

• यथा: as / according to
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा
• Form: अव्यय; ‘as/according to’

• सम्भाषितस्य: of what has been agreed upon in discussion
• Type: Noun (PPP used substantively)
• Root: भाष्
• Form: सम्-भाषित (भाष् + क्त), नपुं; षष्ठी एकवचन; ‘of what has been spoken/negotiated’

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• निबन्धनस्य: of the binding stipulation/contract
• Type: Noun
• Root: बन्ध्
• Form: निबन्धन, नपुं; षष्ठी एकवचन; ‘of the binding stipulation/contract’

• अनुवर्तनम्: following/observance (compliance)
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: वृत्
• Form: अनु-वर्तन, नपुं; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘following/observance’

• रक्षणम्: protection / safeguarding
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: रक्ष्
• Form: रक्षण, नपुं; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘protection/guarding’

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• कथम्: how
• Type: Interrogative indeclinable
• Root: कथम्
• Form: अव्यय; प्रश्नार्थक ‘how?’

• परस्मात्: from the other party
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: पर
• Form: पर, पुं; पञ्चमी एकवचन; ‘from the other/other party’

• न: not
• Type: Particle (negation)
• Root: न
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• भिद्येत: should be broken/violated
• Type: Verb
• Root: भिद्
• Form: भिद्, लिङ् (विधिलिङ्), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन; ‘should be broken/should split’ (passive/intransitive sense)

• इति: thus
• Type: Quotative particle
• Root: इति
• Form: अव्यय; quotation/closure marker

• कृतश्लेषणम्: (this is called) the concluded alliance/adhesion
• Type: Noun (action/result noun)
• Root: श्लिष्
• Form: कृत-श्लेषण, नपुं; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘the (topic called) concluded adhesion/close-binding’

Entities Mentioned

• treaty partner (para)

More Details

FAQs

What is the governance logic behind ‘priya’ and ‘hita’ together?

‘Priya’ sustains goodwill (legitimacy/face), while ‘hita’ sustains interest (material benefit). Together they reduce incentives to defect.

What does ‘nibandhana’ imply in treaty practice?

It implies specific binding clauses—operational commitments that must be monitored, enforced, and protected from manipulation.