Sutra 23

Devanagari script

प्रवास्या निष्क्रयार्थं वा दद्युर्दोषविशेषतः ॥ कZ_०४.४.२३च्द् ॥

Transliteration

pravāsyā niṣkrayārthaṃ vā dadyur doṣaviśeṣataḥ

Translation

Họ phải bị trục xuất, hoặc bị buộc nộp tiền chuộc/tiền hòa giải, tùy theo mức độ nghiêm trọng cụ thể của tội phạm.

Word by Word

• प्रवास्याः: (those) to be banished / to be sent into exile
• Type: Noun/Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: प्र-√वस्
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन; कृदन्त-विशेषण (ल्यप्/ण्यत्-प्रत्ययार्थक ‘प्रवास्य’ = प्रवासं कर्तव्यः/प्रवास्यः); ‘(ते) प्रवास्याः’ = ‘(they) to be banished/exiled’

• निष्क्रयार्थम्: for the purpose of redemption (by payment)
• Type: Noun (compound used adverbially)
• Root: निष्क्रय + अर्थ
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; अव्ययीभाववत् क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोगः (‘for the purpose of redemption/buying off’)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय; ‘or’

• दद्युः: they should give / should grant
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (दाने)
• Form: लिङ् (विधिलिङ्); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन; ‘they should give’

• दोषविशेषतः: according to the specific offence (case-by-case)
• Type: Adverb (from noun)
• Root: दोष + विशेष + तस्
• Form: अव्यय; तसिल् (तः) प्रत्ययान्त; ‘according to the particular offence’

Entities Mentioned

• offenders
• state adjudicator

More Details

FAQs

What principle of punishment is expressed in 'doṣaviśeṣataḥ'?

Proportionality and case-specific calibration: sanctions vary by the offence’s particular form, harm, and intent.