Sutra 22

Devanagari script

तेन रागस्यापहर्ता कूटसुवर्णव्यवहारी च व्याख्यातः ॥ कZ_०४.४.२२ ॥

Transliteration

tena rāgasyāpahartā kūṭasuvarṇavyavahārī ca vyākhyātaḥ

Translation

Theo cùng quy tắc ấy, cũng bao gồm: kẻ trộm thuốc nhuộm/sắc tố (rāga) và kẻ buôn bán vàng giả.

Word by Word

• तेन: by that; thereby; with that (act/means)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक; तृतीया एकवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (प्रसङ्गानुसार)

• रागस्य: of colouring/dyeing; of alteration (by colouring)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राग
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन

• अपहर्ता: a remover; thief; one who steals
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: अप-हृ (हृ)
• Form: कर्तृवाचक-तृच् (तृ); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन

• कूटसुवर्णव्यवहारी: one who deals in counterfeit gold
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: व्यवहृ (व्यवहार)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; समास: कूटसुवर्णस्य व्यवहारी (कूट = नकली/कपट; सुवर्ण = gold)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• व्याख्यातः: has been explained/defined (as)
• Type: Verb (past passive participle)
• Root: वि-आ-ख्या (ख्या)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगार्थः—‘is explained/defined’

Entities Mentioned

• dye thief
• counterfeit gold dealer

More Details

FAQs

Why does Kauṭilya group dye-theft and counterfeit-gold dealing with coin counterfeiting?

All undermine regulated commerce and state-controlled standards; the text applies an analogous penalty framework to functionally similar frauds.