Sutra 18

Devanagari script

कारुशिल्पिनां कर्मगुणापकर्षमाजीवं विक्रयक्रयोपघातं वा सम्भूय समुत्थापयतां सहस्रं दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.२.१८ ॥

Transliteration

kāruśilpināṃ karmaguṇāpakarṣam ājīvaṃ vikrayakrayopaghātaṃ vā sambhūya samutthāpayatāṃ sahasraṃ daṇḍaḥ

Translation

Nếu thợ thủ công/nghệ nhân cùng nhau tổ chức việc làm giảm chất lượng tay nghề, hoặc cùng nhau gây rối việc mua bán nhằm thao túng sinh kế, thì bị phạt 1.000 paṇa.

Word by Word

• कारु-शिल्पिनाम्: of artisans and craftsmen
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारु; शिल्पिन्
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (gen. pl.); compound in genitive plural

• कर्म-गुण-अपकर्षम्: deterioration of the quality of work
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्; गुण; अपकर्ष
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (acc. sg.); object of समुत्थापयताम्

• आजीवम्: livelihood (means of living)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आजीव
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (acc. sg.); object (co-ordinate)

• विक्रय-क्रय-उपघातम्: harm/obstruction to selling and buying (trade)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्रय; क्रय; उपघात
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (acc. sg.); object (co-ordinate)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम् (disjunctive)

• सम्भूय: having assembled; jointly
• Type: Gerund
• Root: सम्-भू
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive); ‘having assembled/combined’

• समुत्थापयताम्: (who) cause/bring about
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-उत्-स्था (causative: समुत्थापय-)
• Form: लट् (present), causative; परस्मैपदम्; षष्ठी-बहुवचनस्य स्थाने तृतीया?—वस्तुतः: वर्तमानकालिक-कर्तरि प्रयोगः, 3rd person plural (ते) understood: ‘(they) cause/bring about’; here used with genitive of offenders implied; syntactically: ‘of those who… bring about’

• सहस्रम्: one thousand (as amount)
• Type: Noun/Number
• Root: सहस्र
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (acc. sg.); measure of fine with दण्डः

• दण्डः: fine; punishment
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (nom. sg.); predicate: ‘the penalty is…’

Entities Mentioned

• artisans
• guild-like collective (implied)
• state regulator

More Details

FAQs

How does 4.2.18 treat collective behavior differently from individual fraud?

Concerted action that harms market functioning is treated as a high-severity offence with a large fixed fine.

What modern regulatory category does this resemble?

Anti-cartel/anti-competitive conduct enforcement, especially coordinated quality reduction or market disruption.