Sutra 4

Devanagari script

दिवा रात्रौ वा सशस्त्रस्य प्रविशत उत्तमो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०४ ॥

Transliteration

divā rātrau vā saśastrasya praviśata uttamo daṇḍaḥ

Translation

Dù ban ngày hay ban đêm, nếu ai xâm nhập khi đang mang vũ khí thì phải áp dụng hình phạt cao nhất.

Word by Word

• दिवा: by day, in the daytime
• Type: Avyaya (indeclinable)
• Root: दिव्
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्ययम् (time adverb)

• रात्रौ: at night
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-एकवचन (locative singular)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम् (disjunctive ‘or’)

• सशस्त्रस्य: of an armed person
• Type: Noun (with prefix)
• Root: शस्त्र
• Form: ‘स-’ उपसर्ग/उपपदपूर्वक-तत्पुरुषभावः; पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-एकवचन (genitive singular): ‘of one who is armed’

• प्रविशतः: (for one) entering, entering (into)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-विश्
• Form: लट् (present); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमा-एकवचन; वर्तमानकालिक-कर्तरि; (आदेशात्मक/विध्यर्थ-प्रयोगः सूत्रशैली) ‘(for one) entering’

• उत्तमः: the highest, maximum
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying दण्डः)

• दण्डः: punishment; penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; कर्तृ/विधेय-शब्दः (predicate nominative)

Entities Mentioned

• armed intruder

More Details

FAQs

What principle does this rule illustrate?

Aggravation by capability for violence: carrying weapons elevates the threat level, so punishment escalates irrespective of time.

How does this support governance?

It discourages armed coercion and reduces escalation into homicide/riot by making weaponized intrusion economically and legally prohibitive.