Sutra 3

Devanagari script

राजचोराग्न्युदकबाध उपनिपातः ॥ कZ_०३.१५.०३ ॥

Transliteration

rājacorāgnyudakabādha upanipātaḥ

Translation

Sự can thiệp/cản trở bởi nhà vua, kẻ trộm, lửa hoặc nước—đó là “tai biến/sự cố” (upanipāta).

Word by Word

• राज: king/royal (state-related)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• चोर: thief/robber
• Type: Noun
• Root: चोर
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• अग्नि: fire
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• उदक: water (esp. flood/water damage)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदक
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• बाध: affliction/harm
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: बाध्
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद); बाधा-शब्दस्य समासरूप (बाधा/बाध)

• उपनिपातः: sudden occurrence; calamity; mishap
• Type: Noun (event noun)
• Root: उप-नि-पत्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; उपनिपात (sudden occurrence/attack)

Entities Mentioned

• king/state
• thieves
• fire
• water

More Details

FAQs

What does ‘rāja-bādha’ imply in commercial disputes?

State action (seizure, prohibition, requisition, or administrative obstruction) can excuse non-performance when it directly prevents delivery.