Sutra 19

Devanagari script

अव्ययाश्चादयो निपाताः ॥ कZ_०२.१०.१९ ॥

Transliteration

avyayāś cādayo nipātāḥ

Translation

Các tiểu từ (nipāta)—như ca (“và”), v.v.—là những từ bất biến (avyaya).

Word by Word

• अव्ययाः: indeclinables (indeclinable words)
• Type: Noun (used adjectivally)
• Root: अव्यय
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; ‘अव्यय’ (indeclinable) शब्दस्य बहुवचन-प्रयोगः—‘अव्यय-शब्दाः’ इत्यर्थे

• च: and
• Type: Particle/Conjunction
• Root: च
• Form: निपातः; समुच्चयार्थकः

• आदयः: and others; and the like (etc.)
• Type: Noun (collective)
• Root: आदि
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; ‘आदि’ (= beginning, etc.) से ‘आदयः’ = ‘and the like / etc.’

• निपाताः: particles; indeclinable particles
• Type: Noun
• Root: निपात
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; विधेयपदम्

More Details

FAQs

Why highlight indeclinables in an administrative context?

Because connectors and particles govern scope (addition, contrast, condition), which is critical for interpreting rules, exemptions, and multi-step procedures.