Sutra 22

Devanagari script

सम्भूयसेतुबन्धादपक्रामतः कर्मकरबलीवर्दाः कर्म कुर्युः ॥ कZ_०२.०१.२२ ॥

Transliteration

sambhūya-setu-bandhād apakrāmataḥ karmakara-balīvardāḥ karma kuryuḥ

Translation

Nếu ai đó rút lui sau khi đã tham gia việc xây setu theo tập thể, thì thợ của người ấy và bò kéo của người ấy vẫn phải thực hiện công việc (tức phần đóng góp bị cưỡng chế).

Word by Word

• सम्भूय: having assembled together / jointly
• Type: Verb (absolutive/gerund)
• Root: सम्-भू
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund); from √भू with upasarga सम्; sense: ‘having assembled/combined (together)’

• सेतु-बन्धात्: from (the work of) constructing an embankment/causeway (irrigation works)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेतु (√सि/स्यु? lexical) + बन्ध (√बन्ध्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (usage varies by member); ablative singular (-आत्); ‘from the building/embankment of a causeway (setu)’

• अपक्रामतः: of (him) departing / when (he) withdraws
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: अप-क्रम्
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्-type participle); genitive singular masculine/neuter: ‘of one who is departing/withdrawing’ (i.e., when he departs)

• कर्मकर-बलीवर्दाः: the labourers and the draught-oxen
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मकर (√कृ) + बलीवर्द (lexical)
• Form: प्रथमा बहुवचनम्; masculine plural; subject of कुर्युः

• कर्म: the work / the task
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (√कृ)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचनम्; object of कुर्युः

• कुर्युः: should do / should perform
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपदम्; 3rd person plural: ‘should do/are to do’

Entities Mentioned

• participants in collective works
• laborers
• draught-oxen

More Details

FAQs

What problem is this sutra solving?

Free-riding in public goods: it deters strategic withdrawal by making the pledged contribution enforceable in kind.