Agni Purana — Dharma-shastra, Shloka 22
Prāyaścitta — Definitions of Killing, Brahmahatyā, and Graded Expiations
मध्वीकं टङ्कमाध्वीकं मैरेयं नारिकेलजं न मद्यान्यपि मद्यानि पैष्टी मुख्या सुरा स्मृता
madhvīkaṃ ṭaṅkamādhvīkaṃ maireyaṃ nārikelajaṃ na madyānyapi madyāni paiṣṭī mukhyā surā smṛtā
Madhvīka, ṭaṅka-mādhvīka, maireya và loại chế từ dừa—cùng các thứ đồ uống gây say khác—đều là rượu. Tuy vậy, surā chủ yếu được xem là rượu làm từ ngũ cốc (paiṣṭī).
Lord Agni (in discourse to Sage Vasiṣṭha)
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Ayurveda","secondary_vidya":"Dharmashastra","practical_application":"Classify fermented/intoxicating drinks by source (honey-based, coconut-based, grain-based) to guide dietary regulation, medical cautions, and dharmic prohibitions regarding surā.","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Classification of Surā and Fermented Intoxicants (Madhvīka, Maireya, Nārikelaja, Paiṣṭī)","lookup_keywords":["surā","madhvīka","maireya","nārikelaja","paiṣṭī"],"quick_summary":"The verse enumerates types of intoxicants and states that while many are alcoholic, the principal surā is the grain-based (paiṣṭī) liquor—important for both medical taxonomy and ritual-legal discussions."}
Dosha: Tridosha
Concept: Right knowledge includes precise classification of substances to regulate conduct and health.
Application: Use clear categories (source and preparation) to decide permissibility, dosage, and risk—especially where dharma rules depend on what counts as surā.
Khanda Section: Ayurveda (Food, drink, and intoxicants: classification of surā and fermented liquors)
Primary Rasa: shanta
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A didactic scene of a teacher listing jars of different fermented drinks—honey-based, coconut-based, and grain-based—arranged for comparison, with scribes noting the categories.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, guru pointing to labeled vessels: madhvīka, maireya, nārikelaja, paiṣṭī; stylized palm and coconut motifs; restrained, instructive mood","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, ornate vessels with gold accents, coconut and grain sheaves flanking the central jar marked paiṣṭī, symmetrical composition, rich reds and greens","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting, chart-like arrangement of four drink types with fine linework and gentle colors, teacher and student in profile, emphasis on clarity and labels","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, apothecary-like setting with glassy jars and botanical detail (coconut, grapes/honey imagery, grains), scholar annotating a manuscript"}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Khamaj","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: टङ्कमाध्वीकम् = टङ्क + माध्वीकम्. मadyānyapi = मद्यानि + अपि (यण्-सन्धि: इ + अ → य + अ). स्मृता is kta-participle used predicatively with सुरा.
Related Themes: Agni Purana: prāyaścitta sections on surāpāna (immediately following verses); Agni Purana: Ayurveda discussions of madya-guṇa and dietary substances (elsewhere in the Ayurveda-khaṇḍa)
FAQs
It gives a technical classification of intoxicating beverages, listing types (madhvīka, maireya, coconut-based) and stating that the standard/primary surā is the grain-based (paiṣṭī) liquor.
By cataloging named fermented drinks and defining which type is considered the principal surā, it preserves practical knowledge of substances and preparation-categories—an encyclopedic, quasi-medical/dietetic taxonomy within a Purāṇic text.
Primarily descriptive rather than devotional, it supports dharma-informed discernment about intoxicants by clearly identifying what counts as madya/surā, aiding regulated conduct and avoidance of confusion in ethical or ritual contexts.