Rig Veda 8.68.11: Mandala 8, Sukta 68, Mantra 11

Sukta 8.68

Rishi: Priyamedha

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Virāḍ-anuṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यस्य ते स्वादु सख्यं स्वाद्वी प्रणीतिरद्रिवः । यज्ञो वितन्तसाय्यः ॥

Transliteration

yásya te svā́du sakhyáṃ svā́dvī pra-nī́tir adri-vaḥ | yajñó vitantasā́yyaḥ ||

Translation

He for whom your friendship is sweet, and sweet your leading, O holder of the stone—his sacrifice is stretched out toward the goal of victory.

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Word by Word

• यस्य: whose / of whom
• यस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: of you / your
• ते: सम्बन्ध (possessor)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वादु: sweet, pleasant
• स्वादु: विशेषण (qualifier of सख्यम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वादु (प्रातिपदिक) < √स्वद् ‘to taste, be sweet’

• सख्यम्: friendship, companionship
• सख्यम्: कर्तृ/विषय (subject: ‘friendship’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सख्य (प्रातिपदिक) < सखि ‘friend’

• स्वाद्वी: sweet, delightful
• स्वाद्वी: विशेषण (qualifier of प्रणीतिḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वाद्वी (प्रातिपदिक) < √स्वद्

• प्रणीतिḥ: leading, guidance, conduct
• प्रणीतिḥ: कर्तृ/विषय (subject: ‘leading/guidance’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र-नीति (प्रातिपदिक) < √नी ‘to lead’ (with preverb प्र-)

• अद्रिवः: O stone-bearer/press-stone lord (Indra)
• अद्रिवः: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun (vocative epithet)
• Root: अद्रि-वस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘stone-possessing’ (epithet of Indra: having the stone/press-stones)

• यज्ञः: the sacrifice, ritual
• यज्ञः: कर्तृ (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक) < √यज् ‘to worship, sacrifice’

• वितन्तसाय्यः: spreading out, being extended (widely)
• वितन्तसाय्यः: विशेषण (qualifier of यज्ञः)
• Type: Adjective (kṛdanta/derivative)
• Root: वि-तन्तस (प्रातिपदिक) < √तन् ‘to stretch, spread’ with वि-; + -य्य (Vedic adjectival/derivational suffix)