Rig Veda 8.61.4: Mandala 8, Sukta 61, Mantra 4

Sukta 8.61

Devata: Indra

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अप्रामिसत्य मघवन्तथेदसदिन्द्र क्रत्वा यथा वशः । सनेम वाजं तव शिप्रिन्नवसा मक्षू चिद्यन्तो अद्रिवः ॥

Transliteration

aprā́mi-satya maghaván táthéd asad índra krátvā yáthā váśaḥ | sanéma vā́jaṃ táva śiprin ávasā makṣū́ cid yánto adri-vaḥ ||

Translation

O bounteous one whose truth does not fail, let it be so, O Indra, by your will and power, as you choose. May we win by your help the plenitude of force, O strong-jawed one, even swiftly as we advance, O wielder of the stone.

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Word by Word

• अप्रामि: I have not failed / I did not fall short
• अप्रामि: Kartā (implicit ‘I’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रा-√अम् (अम् ‘to injure/overpower’; with preverb प्रा) अथवा √अम्/√अन् (वेदिक प्रयोग)

• असत्य: O not-false one / O unfailing one
• असत्य: Sambodhana
• Type: Adjective (vocative use)
• Root: अ-सत्य (सत्य ‘true’ + नञ्) प्रातिपदिक

• मघवन्: O bountiful one
• मघवन्: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: मघवन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bountiful, giver’)

• तथा: thus, in that way
• तथा: Adverbial (manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)

• इद्: indeed, just
• इद्: Emphasis
• Type: Indeclinable (particle)
• Root: इद् (निपात)

• असत्: he is/was (so)
• असत्: Kriyā (finite verb of clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (भू) → असत् (वेदिक: injunctive/imperf. sense ‘be/was’)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• क्रत्वा: by (your) resolve/power
• क्रत्वा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रतु (प्रातिपदिक ‘power, resolve, intelligence’)

• यथा: as, just as
• यथा: Comparative/relative adverb
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)

• वशः: (your) mastery/will is
• वशः: Kartā (of implied ‘is’) / predicate-nominative
• Type: Noun
• Root: वश (प्रातिपदिक ‘will, control, mastery’)

• सनेम: may we win/obtain
• सनेम: Kartā (we) + Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सन् (to win, gain)

• वाजम्: the prize/strength
• वाजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक ‘prize, strength, booty’)

• तव: of you, your
• तव: Genitive (possessor)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (त्वद्-शब्द) → तव

• शिप्रिन्: O Śiprin (Indra)
• शिप्रिन्: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: शिप्रिन् (प्रातिपदिक; इन्द्र-विशेषण ‘with fair cheeks/jaws’)

• अवसा: by (your) help
• अवसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस् (प्रातिपदिक ‘help, favor, protection’)

• मक्षु: quickly, soon
• मक्षु: Adverbial (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मक्षु (अव्यय)

• चित्: even
• चित्: Emphasis
• Type: Indeclinable (particle)
• Root: चित् (निपात)

• यन्तः: going, advancing
• यन्तः: Kartā (they/you-all) of implied action ‘going/advancing’
• Type: Participle
• Root: √या (to go) → यन्त् (present participle) अथवा √इ (to go) वैदिक-प्रयोग

• अद्रिवः: O Adrivah (stone-bearing/stone-wielding one)
• अद्रिवः: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: अद्रि-वस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘having the stone/pressing-stone’, epithet of Indra/Maruts in RV usage) अथवा अद्रि (stone) + वस् (possessing)