Rig Veda 8.5.22: Mandala 8, Sukta 5, Mantra 22

Sukta 8.5

Rishi: Kāṇva (Kanva lineage)

Devata: Aśvinau

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely; verify per edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कदा वां तौग्र्यो विधत्समुद्रे जहितो नरा । यद्वां रथो विभिष्पतात् ॥

Transliteration

kadā́ vāṃ táugryo vidhat samudré jahitó narā | yád vāṃ rátho víbhiḥ patā́t ||

Translation

When will Taugra, abandoned in the ocean, serve you, O two heroes—when your chariot flies with its powers? (So too) may your swift rescue reach us in our peril.

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Word by Word

• कदा: when?
• कदा: Adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण) / प्रश्न
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदा (प्रश्नाव्यय)

• वाम्: to you two / of you two
• वाम्: Sampradāna/सम्बन्ध (context-dependent: ‘to you two’ or ‘of you two’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (युवाम्-प्रत्ययः)

• तौग्र्यः: Taugra (a patronymic/epithet; the Taugrian one)
• तौग्र्यः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: तौग्र्य- (प्रातिपदिक; विशेषण/नाम)

• विधत्: arranges/ordains; performs (rites); bestows
• विधत्: Kriyā (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा (√धा) with vi-; present stem विधा-

• समुद्रे: in the sea
• समुद्रे: Adhikaraṇa (स्थान-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र-

• जहितः: abandoned, left
• जहितः: Kartā (as predicate to ‘नरा’/subject) / विशेषण
• Type: Participle
• Root: हा (√हा ‘to abandon’) → past passive participle जहित-

• नरा: O two men/heroes (you two)
• नरा: Kartā (vocative-like address/subject in sense) / सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर-

• यत्: when/that
• यत्: Clause-linker
• Type: Indeclinable/Relative
• Root: यद् (सम्बन्ध/यद्-तद्)

• वाम्: of you two / to you two
• वाम्: सम्बन्ध/सम्प्रदान
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (युवाम्-प्रत्ययः)

• रथः: the chariot
• रथः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ-

• विभिष्पतात्: may it rush forth/spread out strongly (Vedic: ‘may it drive out/push through’)
• विभिष्पतात्: Kriyā (wish/possibility)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भिष्/√भ्यस्? (Vedic; with vi-; desiderative/intensive-like formation) + optative ending