Rig Veda 7.81.1: Mandala 7, Sukta 81, Mantra 1
Sukta 7.81
Rishi: Vasiṣṭha
Devata: Uṣas
Chandas: Gāyatrī (likely; RV 7.81 often in gāyatrī-like trimeter)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
प्रत्यु अदर्श्यायत्युच्छन्ती दुहिता दिवः । अपो महि व्ययति चक्षसे तमो ज्योतिष्कृणोति सूनरी ॥
Transliteration
práty u adarśyāyatý úcchantī duhitā́ diváḥ | ápo máhi vyayati cákṣase támo jyótiṣ-kṛṇoti sūnarī́ ||
Translation
She has appeared before us, coming and rising—the Daughter of Heaven; she spreads out the mighty waters for vision and turns darkness into light, the luminous inspirer.
Word by Word
प्रतिtowards, in response, against
प्रति:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (upasarga/avyaya)
उindeed, verily (emphatic particle)
उ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ (nipāta)
अदर्शिappeared, was seen
अदर्शि:
—
TypeVerb
Root√दृश् (दर्शने)
आयतिcomes, approaches
आयति:
—
TypeVerb
Root√या (गत्यर्थे) with prefix आ-
उच्छन्तीshining forth, dawning
उच्छन्ती:
Kartā (with implied subject उषाः) / predicate participle
TypeParticiple (Adjective)
Root√वस्/उष् (उषसि/दीप्तौ) → उच्छ् (Vedic present stem) / √उष् (to shine)
दुहिताdaughter
दुहिता:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदुहितृ (prātipadika)
दिवःof heaven, of the sky
दिवः:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitival relation)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (prātipadika: दिव्/द्यौ ‘sky’)
अपःwaters
अपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप् (prātipadika)
महिgreatly, mightily
महि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमहि (indeclinable/adverb from महत्)
व्ययतिdrives apart, spreads out, sets in motion
व्ययति:
—
TypeVerb
Root√या (गत्यर्थे) with prefix वि-
चक्षसेfor seeing, for vision
चक्षसे:
Sampradāna (purpose/for)
TypeNoun
Rootचक्षस् (prātipadika) / √चक्ष् (to see) → noun ‘sight’
तमःdarkness
तमः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (prātipadika)
ज्योतिष्कृणोतिmakes into light, illumines
ज्योतिष्कृणोति:
—
TypeVerb
Rootज्योतिस् + √कृ (करणे) (denominative/compound verb: ‘make light’)
सूनरीthe radiant/beautiful one (Dawn)
सूनरी:
Kartā (apposition to दुहिता) / subject
TypeNoun (epithet) / Adjective used substantively
Rootसूनरी (prātipadika; epithet of Uṣas: ‘bright/beautiful woman’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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