Rig Veda 7.40.4: Mandala 7, Sukta 40, Mantra 4

Sukta 7.40

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Varuṇa (lead), with Mitra, Aryaman, Waters, and Aditi

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अयं हि नेता वरुण ऋतस्य मित्रो राजानो अर्यमापो धुः । सुहवा देव्यदितिरनर्वा ते नो अंहो अति पर्षन्नरिष्टान् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.40.4

Transliteration

ayáṃ hí netā́ váruṇa ṛtásya mitró rājāno aryámāpo dhúḥ | suháva devy áditir anarvā́ te no aṃhó áti parṣann áriṣṭān ||

Translation

This Varuṇa is indeed the leader of the Truth; Mitra and Aryaman are kings, and the Waters uphold the burden. May the well-invoked goddess Aditi, unfaltering, carry us beyond distress—may those powers bring us across, uninjured.

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Word by Word

• अयम्: this (one)
• अयम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• नेता: leader, guide
• नेता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: नी (धातु) → नेतृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• वरुणः: Varuṇa
• वरुणः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (Proper)
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋतस्य: of ṛta (cosmic order/truth)
• ऋतस्य: Sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक)

• मित्रः: Mitra
• मित्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (Proper)
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• राजानः: kings, rulers
• राजानः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अर्यमा: Aryaman
• अर्यमा: Kartā
• Type: Noun (Proper)
• Root: अर्यमन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपः: the waters
• अपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक)

• धुः: they have set/placed/established
• धुः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा (धातु; वेदिक-विशेषः: धा/धव् ‘स्थापयति/धारयति/विधत्ते’)

• सुहवा: easy to invoke
• सुहवा: Kartā (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-हव (प्रातिपदिक; सु + हव ‘to call/invoke’)

• देवी: goddess
• देवी: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवी (प्रातिपदिक; देव)

• अदितिः: Aditi
• अदितिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (Proper)
• Root: अदिति (प्रातिपदिक)

• अनर्वा: unfailing, not weak
• अनर्वा: Kartā (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक; a- + नर्वन् ‘weak/feeble’, hence ‘not feeble’)

• ते: you (pl.)
• ते: Sampradāna (addressed to) / Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: for us / of us
• नः: Sampradāna (for us) / Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अंहः: distress, sin, trouble
• अंहः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंहस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अति: across, beyond
• अति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• पर्षन्: may they carry (us) across
• पर्षन्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: पॄ (धातु; ‘to carry across, save’)

• अरिष्टान्: unharmed, uninjured (ones)
• अरिष्टान्: Karma (result/state)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अरिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)