Rig Veda 7.28.3: Mandala 7, Sukta 28, Mantra 3

Sukta 7.28

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तव प्रणीतीन्द्र जोहुवानान्त्सं यन्नॄन्न रोदसी निनेथ । महे क्षत्राय शवसे हि जज्ञेऽतूतुजिं चित्तूतुजिरशिश्नत् ॥

Transliteration

tavá praṇī́tīndra jóhuvānāntsáṃ yán nṝ́n ná rodasī́ ninétha | mahé kṣatrā́ya śávase hí jajñé atū́tujim cit tū́tujiḥ aśiśnat ||

Translation

By your leading, O Indra, those who call intensely you gather together, as if you draw the human seekers into the two worlds. For your vast sovereignty and force you were born; even the un-impelled you set into motion—you, the impeller, drive them onward.

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Word by Word

• तव: of you / your
• तव: सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्- (युष्मद्-प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रणीती: (your) leading, guidance
• प्रणीती: कर्तृ/हेतु-भाव (as ‘guidance/leading’ as cause/agency)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र-नी- (धातु √नी ‘नेतुम्’) → प्रणीति-

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: इन्द्र-

• जोहुवानान्: (the) repeatedly invoking (men)
• जोहुवानान्: कर्म (qualifier of the object ‘men’)
• Type: Participle (present, intensive) used adjectivally
• Root: √ह्वे (ह्वयति ‘to call, invoke’) with intensive/reduplicated stem jo-hu- + kṛdanta

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम्- (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• यत्: which / what
• यत्: कर्म (object of निनेथ in relative clause)
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद्-

• नॄन्: men
• नॄन्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ-

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-अव्यय)

• रोदसी: the two worlds (Heaven and Earth)
• रोदसी: कर्म/उपमान (object of comparison)
• Type: Noun (dual)
• Root: रोदसी- (द्विवचन-शब्द; ‘heaven-and-earth’)

• निनेथ: you have led / guided
• निनेथ: कर्तृ (implicit ‘you’, Indra)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-√नी (धातु √नी ‘to lead’)

• महे: for the great (end)
• महे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / dative form
• Root: महत्-

• क्षत्राय: for dominion / sovereignty
• क्षत्राय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षत्र-

• शवसे: for strength, might
• शवसे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: शवस्-

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• जज्ञे: was born / has been born
• जज्ञे: कर्तृ (subject: Indra implied)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (to be born)

• अतूतुजिम्: the un-impellable / unshakable
• अतूतुजिम्: कर्म (object/attribute in apposition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ- + तूतुजि- (intensive noun/adj. from √तुज् ‘to push, impel, smite’)

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात)

• तूतुजिः: the impeller / smiter
• तूतुजिः: कर्तृ (subject of अशिश्नत्)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: तूतुजि- (intensive from √तुज्)

• अशिश्नत्: struck / overpowered
• अशिश्नत्: कर्तृ (subject: तूतुजिः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √श्नथ्/श्नथ् (Vedic: ‘to pierce/strike/overpower’; with a- augment; reduplicated a-śi-śn(a)th-)