Rig Veda 7.18.22: Mandala 7, Sukta 18, Mantra 22

Sukta 7.18

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Agni (explicit address), with Sudās/Paijavana as human agents in the gift economy

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

द्वे नप्तुर्देववतः शते गोर्द्वा रथा वधूमन्ता सुदासः । अर्हन्नग्ने पैजवनस्य दानं होतेव सद्म पर्येमि रेभन् ॥

Transliteration

dvé naptúr devávataḥ śaté gór dvā́ ráthā vadhū́mantā sudā́saḥ | árhann agne paijavánasya dā́naṁ hóteva sádma páry emi rébhan ||

Translation

Sudās wins two hundreds of luminous cows from the divine-minded descendant, and two chariots rich with brides—powers of fulfilled union. O Agni, I honor the gift of Paijavana; like a priest I move around the sacred seat, singing the inspired word.

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Word by Word

• द्वे: two
• द्वे: विशेषण (कर्म/कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी)
• Type: Numeral/Adjective
• Root: द्वि

• नप्तुः: of the grandson/descendant
• नप्तुः: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नप्तृ

• देववतः: of the god-like (one)
• देववतः: विशेषण (नप्तुः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देववत्

• शते: two hundreds (i.e., two hundred)
• शते: कर्म (गवाम्/रथयोः संख्याविशेषण)
• Type: Numeral/Noun
• Root: शत

• गोः: of cows
• गोः: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो

• द्वा: two
• द्वा: विशेषण (रथा)
• Type: Numeral/Adjective
• Root: द्वि

• रथा: chariots
• रथा: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ

• वधूमन्ता: having a bride / bride-bearing
• वधूमन्ता: विशेषण (रथा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वधूमन्त्

• सुदासः: Sudās
• सुदासः: कर्तृ
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: सुदास

• अर्हन्: he bestowed / he granted
• अर्हन्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्ह्

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: अग्नि

• पैजवनस्य: of Paijavana (descendant of Pijavana)
• पैजवनस्य: सम्बन्ध (दानम्)
• Type: Proper Noun/Adjective
• Root: पैजवन

• दानम्: gift, donation
• दानम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest
• होता: उपमान (इव-समास/उपमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ

• इव: like, as
• इव: उपमा-सूचक
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• सद्म: seat, abode, dwelling
• सद्म: कर्म/अधिकारण (गमनस्य लक्ष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सद्मन्

• परि: around, about
• परि: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Preverb/Indeclinable
• Root: परि

• एमि: I go / I approach
• एमि: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (एति)

• रेभन्: O singer/praiser (eloquent one)
• रेभन्: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun/Adjective (vocative) अथवा present participle used as address
• Root: रेभन्त्