Rig Veda 5.57.3 — Mandala 5, Sukta 57, Mantra 3

Sukta 5.57

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) — commonly assigned for Mandala 5 hymns; hymn addressed to the Maruts

Devata: Maruts (storm-powers; Rudra’s host)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely; standard for Marut hymns in this section)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

धूनुथ द्यां पर्वतान्दाशुषे वसु नि वो वना जिहते यामनो भिया । कोपयथ पृथिवीं पृश्निमातरः शुभे यदुग्राः पृषतीरयुग्ध्वम् ॥

Transliteration

dhū́nutha dyā́m párvatānd dāśúṣe vásu ní vo vánā jihate yā́manaḥ bhiyā́ | kopáyatha pṛthivī́m pṛ́śni-mātaraḥ śubhé yád ugrā́ḥ pṛ́ṣatīr áyugdhvam ||

Translation

You, the Maruts, shake the heaven and the firm-set mountains; for the giver you set down the Vasus (rich powers). The forests bend down in the fear of your onrush. You stir the Earth, O sons of Pr̥śni, when, mighty for the work of a luminous going, you yoke your dappled steeds.

Word by Word

• धूनुथ: you (pl.) shake
• धूनुथ: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धू (धूनु) धातु

• द्याम्: the heaven/sky
• द्याम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक) → द्यां (acc.)

• पर्वतान्: mountains
• पर्वतान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वत (प्रातिपदिक)

• दाशुषे: to the worshipper/giver
• दाशुषे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun (participle used substantively)
• Root: दाशुष् (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; √दाश्/दश् ‘to give, worship’)

• वसु: wealth, good
• वसु: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु (प्रातिपदिक)

• नि: down, forth
• नि: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि

• वः: of you/your
• वः: (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• वना: woods/forests
• वना: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)

• जिहते: they withdraw/leave
• जिहते: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (with reduplication: जिहते; Vedic middle of √हन्/√हि ‘to leave/abandon/withdraw’)

• यामनः: of the course/going
• यामनः: (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यामन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• भिया: through fear, out of fear
• भिया: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: भि (प्रातिपदिक: भिया < भय/भी ‘fear’)

• कोपयथ: you (pl.) enrage/agitate
• कोपयथ: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कुप्/कोपय् (causative of √कुप् ‘to be angry’)

• पृथिवीम्: the earth
• पृथिवीम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृश्निमातरः: O sons of Pṛśni (Maruts)
• पृश्निमातरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: पृश्नि-मातर् (समास: ‘having Pṛśni as mother’)

• शुभे: in/for splendor, in beauty
• शुभे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun/Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: शुभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: when/that
• यत्: (सम्बन्ध/निबन्धन)
• Type: Indeclinable/Relative pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम)

• उग्राः: fierce, mighty
• उग्राः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृषतीः: spotted (mares/deer), dappled ones
• पृषतीः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृषती (प्रातिपदिक)

• अयुग्ध्वम्: you (pl.) yoked
• अयुग्ध्वम्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज् (aorist middle: अ-युग्ध्वम्)