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Rig Veda 5.46.1Mandala 5, Sukta 46, Mantra 1

Sukta 5.46

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (book 5 general attribution; RV 5.46 hymn attribution follows the same family tradition)
Devata: All-gods/Guiding Intelligence (implicit); verse foregrounds the inner leader ‘vidvān’ rather than a single named deity
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify metrically)

हयो न विद्वाँ अयुजि स्वयं धुरि तां वहामि प्रतरणीमवस्युवम् । नास्या वश्मि विमुचं नावृतं पुनर्विद्वान्पथः पुरएत ऋजु नेषति ॥

háyo ná vidvā́ṃ ayúji svayáṃ dhurí tā́ṃ vahāmi prátaraṇīm avasyúvam | nā́syā vaśmi vi-múcaṃ nā́vṛtaṃ púnar vidvā́n patháḥ pura-etá ṛjú néṣati ||

Like a knowing steed I harness myself to the yoke; I bear her forward—the conquering force that seeks the help. I do not desire her release, nor her turning back; the knower, going in front, leads straight again upon the paths.

हयःa horse
हयः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootहय (प्रातिपदिक)
like/as
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्वान्knowing, skilled
विद्वान्:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootविद् (धातु) → विद्वस् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
अयुजिhe yoked
अयुजि:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb
Rootयुज् (धातु)
स्वयम्by oneself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
धुरिon the yoke/pole
धुरि:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootधुर्/धुरा (प्रातिपदिक)
ताम्that (her/it)
ताम्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
वहामिI carry/drive
वहामि:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb
Rootवह् (धातु)
प्रतर॑णीम्forward-leading, bringing across
प्रतर॑णीम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-तॄ/तॄ (धातु) → प्रतर॑णी (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
अवस्युवम्seeking help/favor
अवस्युवम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootअवस्/अवस्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्याःof this (one)
अस्याः:
सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम)
वश्मिI desire/seek to control
वश्मि:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb
Rootवश् (धातु)
विमुचम्a release, unyoking
विमुचम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootमुच् (धातु) → वि-मुच (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आवृतa turning back, retreat
आवृत:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootवृत् (धातु) → आ-वृत (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
विद्वान्knowing
विद्वान्:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootविद् (धातु) → विद्वस् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
पथःof the path/way
पथः:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootपथ्/पन्था (प्रातिपदिक)
पुरएताःthe forerunner, leader
पुरएताः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootपुरस् + एता (प्रातिपदिक; ‘going in front’)
ऋजुstraight, directly
ऋजु:
TypeAdjective/Adverb
Rootऋजु (प्रातिपदिक)
नेषतिleads, guides
नेषति:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb
Rootनी (धातु)
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