Rig Veda 5.34.1 — Mandala 5, Sukta 34, Mantra 1

Sukta 5.34

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition; Mandala 5 is predominantly attributed to the Atris)

Devata: Indra (with ritual actions of Soma pressing; Indra as brahma-vāhas, bearer of the Word)

Chandas: Trishtubh (likely; RV 5.34 is predominantly Triṣṭubh)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अजातशत्रुमजरा स्वर्वत्यनु स्वधामिता दस्ममीयते । सुनोतन पचत ब्रह्मवाहसे पुरुष्टुताय प्रतरं दधातन ॥

Transliteration

ajā́taśatrum ajárā́ svàrvaty ánu svadhā́m itā́ dasmáṃ ī́yate | sunótana pácata bráhmavāhase puruṣṭutā́ya prataráṃ dadhātana ||

Translation

Move in the wake of the self-law (svadhā), O ageless Power rich in the light of heaven, advancing toward the Wonder-Worker who is ‘unborn to hostility’. Press and prepare the offering; set forth a swifter forward impulse for the much-praised bearer of the Word—so that the inner sacrifice may carry the mantra-force into action.

Word by Word

• अजातशत्रुम्: the one whose enemies are unborn / unconquered (epithet)
• अजातशत्रुम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अजात-शत्रु (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि) < √जन् (जायते) + शत्रु

• अजराः: unaging (ones)
• अजराः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-जर (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वर्वती: heavenly / possessing light (svàr)
• स्वर्वती: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वर्-वती (प्रातिपदिक; स्त्री)

• अनु: along, after, according to
• अनु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु

• स्वधाम्: (one’s) own power/ordinance; स्वधा
• स्वधाम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वधा (प्रातिपदिक)

• इताः: gone/come; having proceeded
• इताः: कर्तृ
• Type: Participle (past passive) used adjectivally
• Root: √इ (इण्) → इत (कृदन्त, क्त) अथवा √या (यात) वैदिक-प्रयोगे; यहाँ ‘इता’ = ‘गता/प्राप्ता’

• दस्मम्: wondrous, mighty (one)
• दस्मम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: दस्म (प्रातिपदिक)

• ईयते: goes, advances, hastens
• ईयते: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इ (इण्) + य (यङ्/य-प्रत्यय; वैदिक) → ईयते

• सुनोतन: press (the Soma)
• सुनोतन: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सु (सुनोति) / √सू (प्रसव) — वैदिक ‘सुनोतन’ = ‘सुनुत’ (आज्ञार्थ) + -न (प्रगृह्य/वैदिक)

• पचत: cook, prepare
• पचत: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पच्

• ब्रह्मवाहसे: to the bearer of sacred formulation (brahman)
• ब्रह्मवाहसे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun (epithet in dative)
• Root: ब्रह्म-वाहस् (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष) < ब्रह्मन् + √वह्

• पुरुष्टुताय: to the much-praised one
• पुरुष्टुताय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective/Noun (epithet)
• Root: पुरु-स्तुत (प्रातिपदिक) < पुरु + √स्तु

• प्रतरम्: more forward / further; better (as an adverbial accusative)
• प्रतरम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective (comparative)
• Root: प्र-तर (प्रातिपदिक; तुलनात्मक)

• दधातन: place, bestow, set
• दधातन: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (दधाति)