Rig Veda 4.58.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 58, Mantra 4

Sukta 4.58

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Ghṛta (as recovered light/essence) with Indra and Sūrya as manifesting powers

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

त्रिधा हितं पणिभिर्गुह्यमानं गवि देवासो घृतमन्वविन्दन् । इन्द्र एकं सूर्य एकं जजान वेनादेकं स्वधया निष्टतक्षुः ॥

Transliteration

tridhā́ hitáṃ paṇí-bhir gúhyamānaṃ gávī devā́so ghṛtám ánv avindan | índra ékaṃ sū́rya ékaṃ jajāna venā́d ékaṃ svadháyā níṣ ṭatakṣuḥ ||

Translation

Hidden in a threefold way and concealed by the Paṇis, the gods found the ghee within the Cow (the luminous source). Indra brought forth one form, Sūrya another; and one they shaped out by their own inherent power from Vena (the yearning-seer).

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Word by Word

• त्रिधा: in three ways; threefold
• त्रिधा: Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/रीति-अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: त्रिधा (अव्यय; tri-dhā ‘in three ways’)

• हि: indeed; for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• हितम्: placed; deposited (thing)
• हितम्: Karma (वस्तु-रूपेण ‘placed/hidden thing’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √धा (धातु) → हित (कृदन्त, PPP) अथवा ‘हित’ प्रातिपदिक

• पणिभिः: by the Paṇis (niggardly demons/robbers)
• पणिभिः: Kartā (कर्तृ-समूहः; ‘by the Paṇis’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पणि (प्रातिपदिक)

• गुह्यमानम्: being hidden; being concealed
• गुह्यमानम्: Karma (हितम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √गुह् (गोपने) → गुह्यमान (वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि कृदन्त; passive pres. ptc.)

• गवि: in the cow; in the cattle (as a locus)
• गवि: Adhikaraṇa (स्थान-अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवासः: the gods
• देवासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• घृतम्: ghee; clarified butter
• घृतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: घृत (प्रातिपदिक)

• अनु: along; after; following
• अनु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अविन्दन्: they found; they discovered
• अविन्दन्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (लभे/ज्ञाने) with prefix अव-; here ‘to find’

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• एकम्: one (thing/one form)
• एकम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)

• सूर्यः: Sūrya (the Sun)
• सूर्यः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• एकम्: one (thing/one form)
• एकम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)

• जजान: begot; generated
• जजान: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (जनने) → reduplicated perfect

• वेनात्: from Vena
• वेनात्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेन (प्रातिपदिक; ‘Vena’, a seer/impulse)

• एकम्: one (thing/one form)
• एकम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वधया: by (their) own power; by inherent might
• स्वधया: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वधा (प्रातिपदिक)

• निष्टतक्षुः: they fashioned; they carved out
• निष्टतक्षुः: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √तक्ष् (तक्षणे ‘to fashion’) with prefix निस्-/निः- → निष्टतक्षुः