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Rig Veda 4.55.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 55, Mantra 1

Sukta 4.55

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional for much of Mandala 4; hymn 4.55 often attributed within Vāmadeva cycle—verify per Anukramaṇī)
Devata: Multi-deity: Vasus, Dyāvāpṛthivī, Aditi, Varuṇa, Mitra (collective appeal)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

को वस्त्राता वसवः को वरूता द्यावाभूमी अदिते त्रासीथां नः । सहीयसो वरुण मित्र मर्तात्को वोऽध्वरे वरिवो धाति देवाः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.55.1
Transliteration

ko vas trātā vasavaḥ ko varūtā dyāvābhūmī adite trāsīthāṃ naḥ | sahīyaso varuṇa mitra martāt ko vo 'dhvare varivo dhāti devāḥ ||

Translation

Who is your protector, O Vasus, who your true defense? O Heaven and Earth, O Aditi, do you guard us. From the overbearing mortal, O Varuṇa and Mitra, who among you gods establishes for us a wide freedom in the sacrifice?

Word by Word
कःwho?
कः:
कर्तृ (प्रश्नकर्ता) / विधेय-कर्ता
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (प्रश्न-प्रातिपदिक) → क-
वःof you (pl.)
वः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
त्राताprotector
त्राता:
कर्ता
TypeNoun (agent)
Root√त्रा (त्राणे) → त्रातृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
वसवःO Vasus
वसवः:
सम्बोधन/कर्ता (addressed group)
TypeNoun
Rootवसु (देव-गण-नाम)
कःwho?
कः:
कर्ता (प्रश्न)
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् → क-
वःof you
वः:
सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
वरूताprotector, defender
वरूता:
कर्ता
TypeNoun/Adjective (protector/covering)
Root√वृ (वरणे/आवरणे) → वरूत (कृदन्त/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
द्यावाभूमीHeaven-and-Earth
द्यावाभूमी:
सम्बोधन (addressed pair)
TypeNoun (dual compound)
Rootद्याव् + भूमी (द्वन्द्व-समास)
अदितेO Aditi
अदिते:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootअदिति (देवी)
त्रासीथाम्protect (you two)
त्रासीथाम्:
क्रिया (रक्षण-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√त्रा (त्राणे)
नःus
नः:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
सहीयसःof the stronger (one)
सहीयसः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive of comparison/source)
TypeAdjective
Rootसहियस् (तुलनात्मक-विशेषण; from सह/सहस् ‘strength’)
वरुणO Varuṇa
वरुण:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootवरुण (देव)
मित्रO Mitra
मित्र:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootमित्र (देव)
मर्तात्from a mortal
मर्तात्:
अपादान
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त (मर्त्य ‘mortal’)
कःwho?
कः:
कर्ता (प्रश्न)
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् → क-
वःfor you / of you
वः:
सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
अध्वरेin the sacrifice
अध्वरे:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootअध्वर (यज्ञ)
वरिवःaid, favor, free scope
वरिवः:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootवरिवस् (नपुंसक; ‘wide space’, ‘favor/help’)
धातिbestows, grants
धाति:
क्रिया (प्रदान/स्थापन)
TypeVerb
Root√धा (धारणे/स्थापने)
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
कर्ता
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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