Rig Veda 4.45.6 — Mandala 4, Sukta 45, Mantra 6

Sukta 4.45

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 4)

Devata: Aśvinau (context continues from RV 4.45)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आकेनिपासो अहभिर्दविध्वतः स्वर्ण शुक्रं तन्वन्त आ रजः । सूरश्चिदश्वान्युयुजान ईयते विश्वाँ अनु स्वधया चेतथस्पथः ॥

Transliteration

ā́ke-nipā́so áhābhir dávīdhvataḥ svaḥ́ na śukráṃ tanvántā ā́ rájaḥ | sū́raś cid áśvān yuyujānā́ īyate víśvān ánu svadháyā cetathaḥ páthaḥ ||

Translation

With sharp-pointed forces, day after day, you drive forward—spreading a radiant brightness like heaven through the mid-world. Even the Sun, yoking his steeds, moves on; and by your own inherent power you make all the paths of movement to become conscious and rightly guided.

Word by Word

• आकेनिपासः: those with sharp/pointed faces (or: sharp-nosed ones)
• आकेनिपासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (compound epithet)
• Root: आ-केनि-प (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष-समास)

• अहभिः: with days / by days (instrumental)
• अहभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अह (प्रातिपदिक) अथवा अहन्- (दिन) (अनिश्चित)

• दविध्वतः: shaking, stirring (in motion)
• दविध्वतः: Kartā
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √धू/√ध्वा? (अनिश्चित; वेदिक रूप)

• स्वर्णम्: gold
• स्वर्णम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)

• शुक्रम्: bright, shining
• शुक्रम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुक्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• तन्वन्तः: stretching, spreading
• तन्वन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √तन् (तनुते)

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• रजः: the airy space, mid-region; dust/space
• रजः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सूरः: the Sun; a hero
• सूरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर (प्रातिपदिक)

• चित्: even, indeed
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात)

• अश्वान्: horses
• अश्वान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• युयुजानः: yoking, having yoked (in the act of yoking)
• युयुजानः: Kartā
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √युज् (युनक्ति/युञ्जते)

• ईयते: goes, moves
• ईयते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इ (एति/ईयते; वेदिक)

• विश्वान्: all (of them)
• विश्वान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (substantival)
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• अनु: after, along, following
• अनु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• स्वधया: by (their) own power/impulse; by svadhā
• स्वधया: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वधा (प्रातिपदिक)

• चेतथ: you perceive/notice; you are aware
• चेतथ: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चित् (चेतति) / √चि (वेदिक) (अनिश्चित)

• पथः: paths, ways
• पथः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पथिन्/पथ (प्रातिपदिक)