Rig Veda 4.38.9: Mandala 4, Sukta 38, Mantra 9

Sukta 4.38

Rishi: Dadhikrāvan (hymnic subject) / Maṇḍala 4 collection

Devata: Dadhikrā (swift victor, community-advancing power)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उत स्मास्य पनयन्ति जना जूतिं कृष्टिप्रो अभिभूतिमाशोः । उतैनमाहुः समिथे वियन्तः परा दधिक्रा असरत्सहस्रैः ॥

Transliteration

utá smā́sya panayanti jánā jūtíṃ kṛṣṭipró abhíbhūtim āśóḥ | utáinaṃ āhuḥ samíthe víyantaḥ parā́ dadhikrā́ ásarat sahásraiḥ ||

Translation

And the people celebrate his rush, the swift one’s overpowering victory that carries the communities forward. And they say of him, as he ranges in the battle: ‘Dadhikrā has sped beyond by thousands.’

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Word by Word

• उत: and, also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• स्म: indeed, just
• स्म: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्म

• अस्य: of him/this
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (अस्- pronominal stem)

• पनयन्ति: they admire/praise
• पनयन्ति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: पन्/पण् (पनयति)

• जनाः: people
• जनाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)

• जूतिम्: speed, swiftness
• जूतिम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: जूति (प्रातिपदिक)

• कृष्टिप्रः: forwarding/leading the peoples (tribes)
• कृष्टिप्रः: विशेषण (of implied subject: दधिक्राः/आशुः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृष्टि + प्र (समास; प्र- as agentive/possessive element)

• अभिभूतिम्: overpowering might, conquest
• अभिभूतिम्: कर्म (with panayanti/āhuḥ: object of acclaim)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभि-भूति (प्रातिपदिक)

• आशोः: of the swift one
• आशोः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: आशु (प्रातिपदिक)

• उत: and also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्/इदम् (enad-pronoun)

• आहुः: they call/say
• आहुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह् (ब्रू-अर्थे; आह)

• समिथे: in the battle
• समिथे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: समिथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वियन्तः: striving, contending
• वियन्तः: कर्तृ (of āhuḥ)
• Type: Participle
• Root: वि-यत् (यत् ‘to strive/contend’, with वि-; present participle)

• परा: forth, away
• परा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परा

• दधिक्राः: Dadhikrā (the swift steed/deity)
• दधिक्राः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (proper name)
• Root: दधि-क्रा (proper name; prātipadika)

• असरत्: sped, ran
• असरत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: सृ (सरति)

• सहस्रैः: with thousands (i.e., by thousands)
• सहस्रैः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)