Rig Veda 4.1.20: Mandala 4, Sukta 1, Mantra 20
Sukta 4.1
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Agni Jātavedas (with Aditi invoked as universal mother-principle)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
विश्वेषामदितिर्यज्ञियानां विश्वेषामतिथिर्मानुषाणाम् । अग्निर्देवानामव आवृणानः सुमृळीको भवतु जातवेदाः ॥
Transliteration
víśveṣām áditiḥ yajñíyānāṃ víśveṣām átithir mā́nuṣāṇām | agnír devā́nām áva āvṛṇānó su-mṛḷī́ko bhavatu jātá-vedāḥ ||
Translation
Aditi for all the worshipful ones, and a guest for all human beings—Agni, choosing the protection of the gods, may Jātavedas become wholly gracious to us.
Word by Word
विश्वेषाम्of all
विश्वेषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootविश्व (sarvanāma/prātipadika)
अदितिःAditi
अदितिः:
कर्तृ (subject) [nominal equation]
TypeNoun (proper/common)
Rootअदिति (prātipadika)
यज्ञियानाम्of the worshipful / sacrificial (ones)
यज्ञियानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootयज्ञिय (prātipadika; adj. from यज्ञ)
विश्वेषाम्of all
विश्वेषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootविश्व (sarvanāma/prātipadika)
अतिथिःguest
अतिथिः:
कर्तृ (subject) [nominal equation]
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि (prātipadika)
मानुषाणाम्of men / of mortals
मानुषाणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun/Adjective (substantivized)
Rootमानुष (prātipadika)
अग्निःAgni
अग्निः:
कर्तृ (subject)
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootअग्नि (prātipadika)
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (prātipadika)
अवdown; in aid/protection (as preverb)
अव:
— (verbal modifier)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb) / particle
Rootअव (upasarga/avyaya)
आवृणानःchoosing; selecting; taking to himself
आवृणानः:
कर्तृ (agreeing with अग्निः)
TypeParticiple
Root√वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते) with आ-; present middle participle
सुमृळीकःvery gracious / kindly
सुमृळीकः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (predicate adjective of अग्निः)
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमृळीक (prātipadika; su- + मृळीक ‘kindly/merciful’)
भवतुlet (him) be / may (he) become
भवतु:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भवति)
जातवेदाःJātavedas (Agni, ‘knower of births/creatures’)
जातवेदाः:
कर्तृ (apposition to अग्निः)
TypeNoun (epithet/proper)
Rootजातवेदस् (prātipadika; epithet of Agni)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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