Rig Veda 3.35.3 — Mandala 3, Sukta 35, Mantra 3
Sukta 3.35
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina
Devata: Indra (with address to his steeds)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उपो नयस्व वृषणा तपुष्पोतेमव त्वं वृषभ स्वधावः । ग्रसेतामश्वा वि मुचेह शोणा दिवेदिवे सदृशीरद्धि धानाः ॥
Transliteration
upó nayasva vṛ́ṣaṇā tapúṣpótem áva tváṃ vṛṣabha svadhāvaḥ | grásētām áśvā ví mucéhá śóṇā divédive sadṛ́śīr addhi dhānā́ḥ ||
Translation
Lead us near, O two strong ones, drinkers of the heat-force; and thou too, O Bull, protect—self-powered. Let the horses graze; unyoke here the ruddy pair. Day by day eat the grains that answer to thee.
Word by Word
उपोnear, up to (hither)
उपो:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + आ (उपसर्ग) → उपो (sandhi) = उप + आ
नयस्वlead (bring)
नयस्व:
क्रिया (आह्वान/आज्ञा)
TypeVerb
Rootनी (नयति) धातु
वृषणाthe two bulls (two mighty ones)
वृषणा:
कर्म (यौ) / सम्बोधन (हे) (सन्दर्भानुसार)
TypeNoun
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक) / वृष (वर्षण-बल)
तपुष्पोतेO two ‘tapuṣ-poṭa’ (two ardent/fiery ritual helpers; epithet of the invoked pair)
तपुष्पोते:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootतपुष् (प्रातिपदिक, ‘तपस्/तेजस्’) + पोत (प्रातिपदिक, ‘पोतृ/पोतः’ ritual helper) → समासः
उतand, also
उत:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (अव्यय)
इमम्this
इमम्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम)
अवdown, forth; (as preverb)
अव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअव (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम)
वृषभO bull (mighty one)
वृषभ:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
स्वधावःO possessor of svadhā (innate power/ritual potency)
स्वधावः:
सम्बोधन
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वधा (प्रातिपदिक) + वस्/वत् (प्रत्यय, ‘possessing’) → स्वधावस्
ग्रसेताम्let the two devour
ग्रसेताम्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootग्रस् (ग्रसति) धातु
अश्वाthe two horses
अश्वा:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
विapart, away
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
मुचेrelease (set free)
मुचे:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootमुच् (मुञ्चति) धातु
इहhere
इह:
अधिकारण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
शोणाthe two red (mares/horses)
शोणा:
कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशोण (प्रातिपदिक)
दिवे-दिवेday by day
दिवे-दिवे:
अधिकारण (काल)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक ‘day’)
सदृशीःlike, matching
सदृशीः:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootसदृश (प्रातिपदिक)
अद्धिeat
अद्धि:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootअद् (अत्ति) धातु
धानाःparched grains (offerings)
धानाः:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootधान (प्रातिपदिक; ‘parched grains’)
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