Rig Veda 3.33.11: Mandala 3, Sukta 33, Mantra 11

Sukta 3.33

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina

Devata: Rivers (as enabling powers) with Indra as the impelling force in the background

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यदङ्ग त्वा भरताः संतरेयुर्गव्यन्ग्राम इषित इन्द्रजूतः । अर्षादह प्रसवः सर्गतक्त आ वो वृणे सुमतिं यज्ञियानाम् ॥

Transliteration

yád aṅgá tvā bharatā́ḥ saṃ-táreyur gavyán grā́ma iṣitá índra-jūtaḥ | árṣād áha prasaváḥ sárga-takta ā́ vo vṛṇe su-matíṃ yajñíyānām ||

Translation

When, O indeed, the Bharatas would cross you seeking the luminous herds, the moving host urged on by Indra’s force, then may the impulsion rush forward, fashioned as a releasing stream; I choose for you the right-minded grace of the sacrificers.

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Word by Word

• यत्: when; that (which)
• यत्: Adhikaraṇa (kāla/viṣaya) (clausal connector)
• Type: Indeclinable (relative) / Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• अङ्ग: indeed; surely
• अङ्ग: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अङ्ग (nipāta)

• त्वा: you (as object)
• त्वा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (sarvanāma)

• भरताः: the bearers; the carriers (i.e., those who carry/bring)
• भरताः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent) / Adjective
• Root: √भृ (भरति) / bharatā́- (agent noun from √भृ)

• संतरेयुः: might cross over
• संतरेयुः: Kriyā (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्+√तॄ (तॄ/तॢ) 'to cross'

• गव्यन्: seeking cattle; cattle-desiring
• गव्यन्: Viśeṣaṇa (of kartā)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गव्य- (from गो 'cow' + -य) / gavyá-

• ग्रामः: the troop; host; band
• ग्रामः: Kartā (of implied action with crossing/going)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम-

• इषितः: impelled; urged on
• इषितः: Viśeṣaṇa (of kartā)
• Type: Participle (past passive)
• Root: √इष् 'to impel' (ppp iṣitá-) / also √इष् 'to desire' in some contexts

• इन्द्रजूतः: driven/urged by Indra
• इन्द्रजूतः: Viśeṣaṇa (of kartā)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: इन्द्र- + जूत- (ppp from √जु/√जू 'to impel, hasten'; 'driven')

• अर्षात्: rushed; streamed forth
• अर्षात्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ऋष्/√अर्ष् (arṣ-) 'to flow, rush, move swiftly'

• अह: indeed; then
• अह: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अह (nipāta)

• प्रसवः: the impulse; the instigation; the onset
• प्रसवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रसव- (pra- + √सू 'to beget/impel' → 'impulse, instigation, onset')

• सर्गतक्तः: fashioned/constructed as a surge/stream; well-formed for the onrush
• सर्गतक्तः: Viśeṣaṇa (of kartā)
• Type: Adjective (compound participial)
• Root: सर्ग- + तक्त- (ppp from √तक्ष् 'to fashion, construct')

• आ: towards; unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (preverb/particle)

• वः: for you (pl.)
• वः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (sarvanāma)

• वृणे: I choose
• वृणे: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते) 'to choose'

• सुमतिम्: good thought; favor; benevolence
• सुमतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु- + मति-

• यज्ञियानाम्: of the worshipful/ritual-worthy (ones)
• यज्ञियानाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitive relation to सुमतिम्)
• Type: Adjective used substantively
• Root: यज्ञिय- (from यज्ञ 'sacrifice' + -इय) 'worthy of sacrifice/ritual'