Rig Veda 3.31.7: Mandala 3, Sukta 31, Mantra 7

Sukta 3.31

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3.31 within the Viśvāmitra corpus)

Devata: Indra (with Angirasa mythic complex; Soma/pressing imagery in the background)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 3.31; requires metrical verification on full pada count)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अगच्छदु विप्रतमः सखीयन्नसूदयत्सुकृते गर्भमद्रिः । ससान मर्यो युवभिर्मखस्यन्नथाभवदङ्गिराः सद्यो अर्चन् ॥

Transliteration

ágacchad u viprátamaḥ sakhīyán asū́dayat sukṛ́te gárbham ádriḥ | sasā́na máryo yúvabhir makhasyán áthābhavad áṅgirāḥ sadyó arcan ||

Translation

The most inspired one moved forward, seeking comradeship; the Stone brought to birth, for the well-doer, the hidden embryo (of light). The young hero prevailed with his youthful powers, pressing forward in the glad offering; then the Angirases at once broke into the chant of illumination.

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Word by Word

• अगच्छत्: went, approached
• अगच्छत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (√gam)

• विप्रतमः: the most inspired/wise (seer)
• विप्रतमः: कर्तृ (अगच्छत् का)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विप्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• सखीयन्: seeking/acting as a friend, in friendship
• सखीयन्: कर्तृ (विप्रतमः का विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: सखी (प्रातिपदिक) + √य (या) / यन्-प्रत्यय (denom./descriptive participial)

• असूदयत्: caused to be produced, brought forth
• असूदयत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सूद्/सूदय् (√sūd/√sūday, causative)

• सुकृते: in/for good work; in merit
• सुकृते: अधिकरण/सम्प्रदान (संदर्भ: ‘सुकृते’ = in/for good deed/merit)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सु-कृत (प्रातिपदिक)

• गर्भम्: the embryo, the hidden germ
• गर्भम्: कर्म (असूदयत् का)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)

• अद्रिः: the stone/rock (pressing-stone; also ‘mountain’)
• अद्रिः: कर्तृ (असूदयत् का)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अद्रि (प्रातिपदिक)

• ससान: hastened, sped
• ससान: (क्रिया; कर्तृ = मर्यः)
• Type: Verb (perfect form used adjectivally)
• Root: सस् (√sas ‘to run/press on, hasten’)

• मर्यः: the young man, hero
• मर्यः: कर्तृ (ससान का)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• युवभिः: with the youths
• युवभिः: करण/सह (सहचर्येण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युवन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• मखस्यन्: celebrating/performing the sacrificial feast
• मखस्यन्: कर्तृ (मर्यः का विशेषण)
• Type: Participle
• Root: मख (प्रातिपदिक) + √अस्/√स्यन् (denom. ‘to perform a rite/feast’)

• अथ: then
• अथ: (सम्बन्ध/क्रमसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)

• अभवत्: became, came to be
• अभवत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (√bhū)

• अङ्गिराः: the Aṅgirases (seer-clan)
• अङ्गिराः: कर्तृ (अर्चन् का)
• Type: Noun (proper/tribal name)
• Root: अङ्गिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सद्यः: immediately
• सद्यः: (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सद्यः (अव्यय)

• अर्चन्: praised, sang
• अर्चन्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्च् (√arc)