Rig Veda 3.3.1: Mandala 3, Sukta 3, Mantra 1

Sukta 3.3

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 3)

Devata: Agni Vaiśvānara

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 3.3)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वैश्वानराय पृथुपाजसे विपो रत्ना विधन्त धरुणेषु गातवे । अग्निर्हि देवाँ अमृतो दुवस्यत्यथा धर्माणि सनता न दूदुषत् ॥

Transliteration

vaiśvānará̄ya pṛthu-pā́jase vípo rátnā vidhanta dharuṇéṣu ca gā́tave | agnír hí devā́n amṛ́to duvasyáty áthā dhármāṇi sanatā́ ná dū́duṣat ||

Translation

For Vaiśvānara, wide in his radiance, the seers fashion the treasures and the firm foundations for our going. For Agni, immortal, truly serves the gods; therefore the eternal laws of the Truth do not fail nor fall into disorder.

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Word by Word

• वैश्वानराय: to Vaiśvānara (Agni)
• वैश्वानराय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्वानर (प्रातिपदिक; अग्नि-विशेष)

• पृथुपाजसे: to the broad-radiant (one)
• पृथुपाजसे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: पृथुपाजस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘broad/strong-radiant’)

• विपः: the seers/poets
• विपः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्/विप्र (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sage/poet’)

• रत्नानि: treasures, gifts
• रत्नानि: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: रत्न (प्रातिपदिक)

• विधन्त: they bestow/arrange
• विधन्त: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (दधाति) उपसर्ग: वि-; रूपम्: विधन्त

• धरुणेषु: in the supports/foundations
• धरुणेषु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: धरुण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘support, foundation, firm place’)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• गातवे: to go/advance (or: to sing)
• गातवे: प्रयोजन (उद्देश्य) / सम्प्रदान-भाव
• Type: Kṛdanta (infinitive)
• Root: √गा (गायति/गाति) → गातु (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक ‘going/singing’); दत्तिविभक्ति

• अग्निः: Agni
• अग्निः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• हि: for/indeed
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• देवान्: the gods
• देवान्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमृतः: immortal
• अमृतः: कर्तृ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमृत (प्रातिपदिक)

• दुवस्यति: he serves/honors
• दुवस्यति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दुवस्/√द्वस् (वेद. ‘to honor, serve, worship’) → दुवस्यति

• अथा: then/thus
• अथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथा

• धर्माणि: ordinances, established rites/laws
• धर्माणि: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)

• सनता: from ancient times
• सनता: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सनत् (अव्यय/निपात; ‘from of old, eternally’)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• दूदुषत्: he did not impair/spoil
• दूदुषत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दुष् (to spoil, harm) → दूदुषत् (वेद. reduplicated aorist/परफेक्ट-प्राय injunctive)