Rig Veda 10.87.12: Mandala 10, Sukta 87, Mantra 12

Sukta 10.87

Rishi: Kavya Uśanas (traditional)

Devata: Agni (with Atharvanic protective function)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तदग्ने चक्षुः प्रति धेहि रेभे शफारुजं येन पश्यसि यातुधानम् । अथर्ववज्ज्योतिषा दैव्येन सत्यं धूर्वन्तमचितं न्योष ॥

Transliteration

tád agne cákṣuḥ práti dhehi rebhé śaphā́rujaṃ yéna páśyasi yātudhā́nam | atharvávaj jyótiṣā daívyena satyáṃ dhū́rvantam acítaṃ nyòṣa ||

Translation

Set in us, O Agni, that eye for the seer—the hoof-breaking vision by which thou discernest the yātudhāna. Then, Atharvan-like, with the divine light, strike down and cast away the unconscious falsifier who assails the Truth.

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Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (object of धेहि) / (deictic ‘that’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: (Address)
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• चक्षुः: eye; sight
• चक्षुः: Karma (object of धेहि) / apposition to तत्
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्षुस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रति: towards; in return; against
• प्रति: (Upasarga with धेहि)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: प्रति

• धेहि: place; set; bestow
• धेहि: (Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा (धातु)

• रेभे: to the singer/praiser
• रेभे: Sampradāna (recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रेभ (प्रातिपदिक) / रेभ- ‘स्तुतिकर्तृ/गायक’

• शफारुजम्: hoof-breaking; hoof-hurting (one)
• शफारुजम्: Karma (object of पश्यसि)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: शफारुज (प्रातिपदिक; शफ ‘खुर’ + रुज् ‘भङ्ग/पीडा’)

• येन: by which
• येन: Karaṇa (instrument: ‘by which’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पश्यसि: you see
• पश्यसि: (Predicate of relative clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पश् (धातु)

• यातुधानम्: the sorcerer/demon (Yātudhāna)
• यातुधानम्: Karma (object of पश्यसि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यातुधान (प्रातिपदिक)

• अथर्ववत्: like Atharvan; in Atharvan’s manner
• अथर्ववत्: (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable (adverbial)
• Root: अथर्ववत् (अथर्वन् + वत्)

• ज्योतिषा: with light; by radiance
• ज्योतिषा: Karaṇa (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• दैव्येन: divine
• दैव्येन: Karaṇa (qualifying the instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दैव्य (प्रातिपदिक) < देव

• सत्यम्: true; truly; the truth
• सत्यम्: Karma (object of धूर्वन्तम् / ‘(make) true/real’)
• Type: Adjective (used adverbially / substantively)
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• धूर्वन्तम्: destroying; afflicting
• धूर्वन्तम्: Karma (object of implied action: ‘(him) who is destroying/afflicting’)
• Type: Participle (present active)
• Root: धूर्व्/धुर्व् (धातु ‘हिंसा/नाश’) → वर्तमानकृदन्त

• अचितम्: unnoticed; unperceived
• अचितम्: Karma (qualifier of the demon)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अचित (प्रातिपदिक; अ- + चित ‘ज्ञात/चेतित’)

• न्योष: press down; settle upon; strike down (Vedic: ‘ny-ōṣ’)
• न्योष: (Predicate: command to drive/settle down upon)
• Type: Verb (Vedic finite form)
• Root: नि + वस्/उष्? (वैदिक रूप: न्योष = नि-आ-उष्/वस्; injunctive/imperative-like)