Rig Veda 1.55.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 55, Mantra 1

Sukta 1.55

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

दिवश्चिदस्य वरिमा वि पप्रथ इन्द्रं न मह्ना पृथिवी चन प्रति । भीमस्तुविष्माञ्चर्षणिभ्य आतपः शिशीते वज्रं तेजसे न वंसगः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.55.1

Transliteration

diváś cid asya varimā́ ví papratha índraṃ na mahnā́ pṛthivī́ caná práti | bhīmás tuvíṣmān carṣaṇí-bhya ātapáḥ śiśīte vájraṃ téjase na váṃsagaḥ ||

Translation

Even the vastness of heaven is spread out by his wideness; the earth cannot measure him by greatness. Terrible, of overwhelming force, he burns upon the human planes; he sharpens the thunderbolt for the blaze of consciousness, as a smith hones the metal for its shining edge.

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Word by Word

• दिवः: of heaven, of the sky
• दिवः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (प्रातिपदिक: दिव्/द्यौ-)

• चित्: even, indeed
• चित्: निपात (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (अव्यय)

• अस्य: of him/this (of Indra)
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वरिमा: breadth, expanse, wide extent
• वरिमा: कर्तृ (of the verb पप्रथ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरिमन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, widely, forth
• वि: क्रियाविशेषण (prefix to verb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• पप्रथ: has spread out, has expanded
• पप्रथ: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √प्रथ् (प्रथँ विस्तारे)

• इन्द्रम्: Indra
• इन्द्रम्: कर्म (object of implied comparison/measure)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: उपमान-निर्देशक
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• मह्ना: by (his) greatness, by might
• मह्ना: करण (means/measure: ‘by greatness’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मघन्/महन् (वेद. प्रातिपदिक: मह्न् ‘might, greatness’)

• पृथिवी: the Earth
• पृथिवी: कर्तृ (of implied verb ‘(is) not (equal)’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• चन: even, also (emphatic)
• चन: निपात (emphatic ‘even’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च + न (निपात-समुच्चय)

• प्रति: against, in comparison with, towards
• प्रति: क्रियाविशेषण/दिशा
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• भीमः: terrible, awe-inspiring
• भीमः: कर्तृ (of शिशीते)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीम (प्रातिपदिक)

• तुविष्मान्: very mighty, possessing great power
• तुविष्मान्: कर्तृ (apposition to भीमः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुविष्मन्त् (प्रातिपदिक)

• चर्षणिभ्यः: to the peoples, to the tribes (men)
• चर्षणिभ्यः: सम्प्रदान (to/for the peoples)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चर्षणि (प्रातिपदिक)

• आतपः: heat, scorching glow (as an epithet)
• आतपः: कर्तृ (apposition/epithet: ‘the scorching one’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आतप (प्रातिपदिक)

• शिशीते: sharpens, whets
• शिशीते: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शि/√शै (शि/शै तीक्ष्णीकरणे; वेद. ‘to whet, sharpen’)

• वज्रम्: the thunderbolt
• वज्रम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: वज्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• तेजसे: for splendor, for brilliance
• तेजसे: सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन (for brilliance)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: उपमान-निर्देशक
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• वंसगः: a carpenter/wright (one who shapes wood)
• वंसगः: कर्तृ (of implied comparison: ‘as a wright (sharpens)’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वंसग (प्रातिपदिक; वेद. ‘carpenter/wood-shaper, wright’)