Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 93, Shloka 13

Sarga 93: Rāvaṇa’s Grief and Fury after Indrajit’s Fall; Move to Slay Vaidehī and Ministerial Restraint

Devanagari script

यौवराज्यं च लङ्कां च रक्षांसि च परन्तप ।।।।मातरंमां च भार्याश्चक्वगतोऽसिविहायनः ।

Transliteration

yauvarājyaṃ ca laṅkāṃ ca rakṣāṃsi ca parantapa | mātaraṃ māṃ ca bhāryāś ca kva gato ’si vihāya naḥ ||

Translation

اے دشمنوں کو جلانے والے! یَووراجیہ، لنکا، راکشسوں کو، اپنی ماں کو، مجھے اور اپنی بیویوں کو چھوڑ کر—تو کہاں چلا گیا؟

Word by Word

• yauvarājyam: the regency/princehood
• yauvarājyam: Karma (कर्म/Object of vihāya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yauvarājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• laṅkām: Lanka
• laṅkām: Karma (कर्म/Object of vihāya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: laṅkā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• rakṣāṃsi: the rākṣasas
• rakṣāṃsi: Karma (कर्म/Object of vihāya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rakṣas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• parantapa: O scorcher of enemies
• parantapa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parantapa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि (parān tapayati iti = 'scorcher of foes'); पुंलिङ्ग; संबोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• mātaram: mother
• mātaram: Karma (कर्म/Object of vihāya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म/Object of vihāya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• bhāryāḥ: wives
• bhāryāḥ: Karma (कर्म/Object of vihāya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• kva: where?
• kva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/प्रश्न)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रश्नार्थक (interrogative adverb of place)

• gataḥ: gone
• gataḥ: Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal-predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु) > gata (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तरि (predicative with asi)

• asi: are
• asi: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present); मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• vihāya: having abandoned
• vihāya: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + hā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund); अव्ययभाव = 'having abandoned/left'

• naḥ: of us/our
• naḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; षष्ठी (6th/Genitive) बहुवचन (enclitic)

Context

'O Scourge of enemies! You have left giving up prince regent, Rakshasas, from Lanka, your mother, me, and your wife also. And went. Why'?

Characters & Entities

• Indrajit (Meghanāda)
• Laṅkā
• Rākṣasas
• Yauvarājya (regency)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights expectations of duty to family and kingdom, but also shows how attachment to power can eclipse higher dharma.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa mourns as if speaking to Indrajit directly, listing all that the son has ‘left behind’ by dying.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

A tragic inversion: loyalty and responsibility are invoked, but within a framework of adharma-driven kingship.