HomeRamayanaYuddha KandaSarga 3Shloka 19
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Shloka 19

लङ्कादुर्गवर्णनम्

Description of Lanka’s Fortifications and Forces

स्वयंप्रकृतिमापन्नोयुयुत्सूराम रावण: ।उत्थितश्चाप्रमत्तश्चबलानामनुदर्शने ।।।।

svayaṃ prakṛtim āpanno yuyutsu rāma rāvaṇaḥ | utthitaś cāpramattaś ca balānām anudarśane ||

اے رام! راون خود—جنگ کے ارادے سے—اپنی ہی فطرت میں ڈھل گیا ہے؛ وہ اٹھ کھڑا ہوا ہے، بے غفلت و ہوشیار ہے، اور اپنی فوجوں کی ترتیب و نگرانی میں لگا ہوا ہے۔

स्वयम्himself
स्वयम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable), प्रकार/स्वतन्त्र-क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: 'by oneself')
प्रकृतिम्natural disposition
प्रकृतिम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprakṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (sg.)
आपन्नःhaving assumed / having adopted
आपन्नः:
Karta (कर्ता) (as predicate agreeing with subject)
TypeVerb
Root√āpad (धातु) + kta (क्त)
Formकृदन्त (past passive participle), क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nom./1st), एकवचन (sg.); अर्थ: 'प्राप्त/आश्रित/अपन्न'
युयुत्सुःdesirous to fight
युयुत्सुः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of रावणः
TypeAdjective
Root√yudh (धातु) + san (सन्) → yuyutsu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकृदन्त (desiderative adjective), सन्-प्रत्ययान्त; पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन (sg.)
रामO Rama
राम:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (m.), सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (Vocative), एकवचन (sg.)
रावणःRavana
रावणः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन (sg.)
उत्थितःrisen / ready
उत्थितः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of रावणः
TypeAdjective
Rootud-√sthā (धातु) + kta (क्त)
Formकृदन्त (past passive participle), क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; पुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन (sg.)
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय-बोधक (conjunction)
अप्रमत्तःvigilant / not careless
अप्रमत्तः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of रावणः
TypeAdjective
Roota-pramatta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (m.), प्रथमा (Nom./1st), एकवचन (sg.); नञ्-पूर्वक (negative prefix a-)
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय-बोधक (conjunction)
बलानाम्of the forces/armies
बलानाम्:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootbala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (pl.)
अनुदर्शनेin overseeing / in inspection
अनुदर्शने:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootanudarśana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (sg.); अर्थ: 'निरीक्षण/पर्यवेक्षण'

"O Rama! Ravana, who is hostile in his intentions, assuming his natural tendency which is eagerness to combat, is always very alert and looks after the army."

R
Rāma
R
Rāvaṇa
B
bala (armies/forces)

FAQs

It highlights a morally neutral but important principle: leadership requires vigilance and oversight. In the Ramayana’s ethical frame, such capability becomes dangerous when divorced from dharma, as in Rāvaṇa’s case.

Rāma is being warned that Rāvaṇa is fully prepared and personally directing military readiness.

Alertness and command responsibility (apramāda)—a real virtue, though here possessed by an adharmic ruler.