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Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 106, Shloka 21

रावण-सारथि-संवादः

Ravana and the Charioteer: Counsel, Omens, and Battlefield Conduct

तवविश्रामहेतोस्तुतथैषांरथवाजिनाम् ।रौद्रंवर्जयताखेदंक्षमंकृतमिदंमया ।।।।

tava viśrāma-hetos tu tathaiṣāṃ ratha-vājinām |

raudraṃ varjayatā khedaṃ kṣamaṃ kṛtam idaṃ mayā ||

یہ میں نے اس لیے کیا کہ تمہیں آرام ملے، اور اسی طرح ان رتھ کے گھوڑوں کو بھی سخت مشقت اور تھکن سے بچایا جائے؛ اس کام میں اگر کوئی خطا ہوئی ہو تو مجھے معاف کیا جائے۔

tavayour/for you
tava:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (possessor/for you)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormGenitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); pronoun
viśrāmahetoḥfor (your) rest
viśrāmahetoḥ:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन) (purpose)
TypeNoun
Rootviśrāma-hetu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); हेतोः = 'for the sake of' (purpose sense)
tuindeed/but
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात) expressing contrast/emphasis
tathāthus/in that way
tathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)
eṣāmof these
eṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormGenitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन); pronoun
rathavājināmof the chariot-horses
rathavājinām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootratha-vājin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुष: ratha + vājin = 'chariot-horses'
raudramfierce/violent (driving)
raudram:
Karma (कर्म) (object of varjayatā)
TypeAdjective
Rootraudra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); used substantively = 'fierce (act/drive)'
varjayatāby avoiding
varjayatā:
Karana (करण) (means/circumstance)
TypeVerb
Root√vṛj/√vṛj? actually √vṛj (वृज्) in sense 'to avoid' via causative?; standard verb √vṛj/√vṛj?; here from √vṛj (वर्ज्) 'to avoid' (धातु)
FormPresent active participle (वर्तमान कृदन्त/शतृ), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); 'by (me) avoiding'
khedamfatigue
khedam:
Karma (कर्म) (object implied: to avoid fatigue)
TypeNoun
Rootkheda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
kṣamamexcusable/forgivable
kṣamam:
Vidheyabhāva (विधेयभाव)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṣama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective to kṛtam idam
kṛtamdone
kṛtam:
Vidheyabhāva (विधेयभाव)
TypeVerb
Root√kṛ (कृ) + ta (क्त)
FormPast passive participle (भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त/क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
idamthis
idam:
Karma (कर्म) (thing done)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
mayāby me
mayā:
Karta (कर्ता) (agent in passive construction)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); pronoun

"The reason for retreating in this way is to give you rest and relieve the horses from the terrible feat and fatigue. I deserve to be excused for this action."

R
Rāvaṇa
C
charioteer (sārathi/sūta)

FAQs

Care for dependents and instruments of action (horses, warrior) is part of dharma; compassion and sustainability temper heroic aggression.

The charioteer defends a retreat/withdrawal as a practical measure to rest Rāvaṇa and the horses, requesting pardon.

Loyal service with empathy—protecting the master’s capacity and the animals’ welfare.