Valmiki Ramayana 2.75.27 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 27

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

हस्त्यश्वरथसम्बाधे युद्धे शस्त्रसमाकुले।मा स्म कार्षीत्सतां धर्मं यस्यार्योऽनुमते गतः।।।।

Transliteration

hasty-aśva-ratha-sambādhe yuddhe śastra-samākule |

mā sma kārṣīt satāṁ dharmaṁ yasyāryo 'numate gataḥ ||

Translation

جس کے مشورے سے میرے شریف بھائی کو جلاوطن کیا گیا، وہ سَجّنوں کے قائم کردہ دھرم میں ناکام رہے—جیسے وہ یودھا جو ہاتھیوں، گھوڑوں اور رتھوں سے گھمسان جنگ میں، ہتھیاروں کے ہجوم کے بیچ اترے مگر اپنا فرض ادا نہ کرے۔

Word by Word

• हस्त्यश्वरथसम्बाधे: in (a battle) crowded with elephants, horses, chariots
• हस्त्यश्वरथसम्बाधे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हस्ति + अश्व + रथ + सम्बाध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुपद-तत्पुरुष (हस्त्यश्व-रथैः सम्बाधः); पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7/अधिकरण), एकवचन; locative qualifying ‘yuddhe’

• युद्धे: in battle
• युद्धे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7/अधिकरण), एकवचन; locative singular ‘in battle’

• शस्त्रसमाकुले: filled with weapons
• शस्त्रसमाकुले: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शस्त्र + समाकुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (शस्त्रैः समाकुलः); पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; locative qualifying ‘yuddhe’

• मा: do not
• मा: Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय; prohibitive

• स्म: indeed (emphatic)
• स्म: Nipata (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्म (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात; with prohibitive/imperative for emphasis

• कार्षीत्: (you) should do
• कार्षीत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: लुङ् (अorist), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; injunctive/imperative-like with ‘mā sma’ = ‘do not do’

• सताम्: of the virtuous
• सताम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; genitive plural ‘of the good’

• धर्मम्: righteous conduct
• धर्मम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2/कर्म), एकवचन; accusative singular

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, एकवचन

• आर्यः: the noble one (Rāma)
• आर्यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अनुमते: with approval
• अनुमते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुमति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• गतः: gone; exiled
• गतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √गम् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

May the one who counselled the exile of my esteemed brother acquire the demerit in the same way as a person, who having gone to the battleground abundantly provided with elephants, horses, chariots and weapons fails to discharge the duty (of a fighter)!

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rāma (ārya)
• battlefield (yuddha)
• elephants
• horses
• chariots
• weapons (śastra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is duty-in-action: entering a role or situation (like battle) obligates one to fulfill its righteous responsibilities.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata extends his moral analogies, comparing the wrongdoing behind the exile to cowardly dereliction of duty.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Respect for disciplined duty (especially kṣatriya conduct) and disdain for hypocrisy—showing up without acting rightly.