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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 25

दशरथस्य शोकानुचिन्तनं शब्धवेधि-दोषस्मरणं च

Daśaratha’s grief, karmic reflection, and the remembered ‘śabdavedhī’ misdeed

ततोऽहं शरमुधृत्य दीप्तमाशीविषोपमम्।शब्दं प्रति गजप्रेप्सुरभिलक्ष्य त्वपातयम्।।2.63.25।।

tato 'haṃ śaram udhṛtya dīptam āśīviṣopamam |

śabdaṃ prati gaja-prepsur abhilakṣya tv apātayam || 2.63.25 ||

پھر میں نے ہاتھی کو گرانے کی آرزو سے، سانپِ زہریلے کی مانند چمکتا ہوا تیر اٹھایا؛ آواز کی سمت نشانہ باندھ کر اسے چھوڑ دیا۔

tataḥthen, thereafter
tataḥ:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (Avyaya), temporal adverb (कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग/स्त्रीलिङ्ग (common), प्रथमा (1st case) एकवचन (singular)
śaramarrow
śaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया (2nd case) एकवचन
udhṛtyahaving taken up
udhṛtya:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootud-√hṛ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive), ‘having lifted/taken up’
dīptamblazing, bright
dīptam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootdīpta (प्रातिपदिक; √dīp धातु से क्त)
Formविशेषण (adjective), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; शरम् इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्
āśīviṣa-upamamlike a venomous serpent
āśīviṣa-upamam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootāśīviṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + upama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (upamāna-tatpuruṣa: ‘like a venomous serpent’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया एकवचन; शरम् इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्
śabdamsound
śabdam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśabda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन
pratitowards
prati:
Dik-karaka (दिक्/प्रत्ययार्थ)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprati (अव्यय)
Formउपसर्ग/अव्यय (preposition-like indeclinable), ‘towards’
gaja-prepsuḥdesiring to get the elephant
gaja-prepsuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootgaja (प्रातिपदिक) + prepsu (प्रातिपदिक; √āp/√āpnu ‘to obtain’ से desiderative sense)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (object-determinative: ‘desiring an elephant’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; अहम् इति कर्तुः विशेषणम्
abhilakṣyahaving aimed at
abhilakṣya:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootabhi-√lakṣ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), ‘having aimed/marked’
tuindeed, then
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle), emphasis/contrast
apātayamI released / let fly
apātayam:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootapa-√pat (धातु)
Formलङ् (imperfect/past), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; causative sense ‘to cause to fall/let fly’ (context: released)

Then I discharged a sharp shaft like a venomous serpent. In the morning twilight I saw that the shaft had hit the vital part of the body of a forest dweller and his cry of 'Alas!', was clearly heard as he fell in the water.

D
Daśaratha
K
Kausalyā
A
arrow (śara/bāṇa)
E
elephant (gaja)

FAQs

Desire-driven action (prepsu—craving the kill) can eclipse discernment; dharma requires verifying before using force.

Mistaking the water-sound for an elephant, Daśaratha aims at the sound and releases his arrow.

Negative exemplar: lack of restraint and inadequate discrimination (viveka) before violence.