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Shloka 47

गङ्गातरणम्, सुमन्त्र-प्रतिनिवर्तनम्, जटाधारणम्

Crossing the Gaṅgā; Sumantra’s Return; Adoption of Ascetic Signs

मम तावन्नियोगस्थास्त्वद्बन्धुजनवाहिनः।कथं रथं त्वया हीनं प्रवक्ष्यन्ति हयोत्तमाः।।2.52.47।।

mama tāvan niyoga-sthās tvad-bandhu-jana-vāhinaḥ | kathaṃ rathaṃ tvayā hīnaṃ pravakṣyanti hayottamāḥ ||

یہ بہترین گھوڑے—اگرچہ میرے حکم کے تابع ہیں اور تمہیں اور تمہارے ساتھیوں کو اٹھانے کے عادی تھے—اب تمہارے بغیر، خالی رتھ کو کیسے کھینچیں گے؟

mamamy
mama:
Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun; Genitive (6th), Singular
tāvatthen/for now
tāvat:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottāvat (अव्यय)
FormAdverb/particle = ‘then/so long/for now’
niyoga-sthāḥunder command
niyoga-sthāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootniyoga (प्रातिपदिक) + stha (कृदन्त, √sthā)
FormTatpuruṣa = ‘standing in/under orders’; Masculine, Nominative, Plural; qualifies hayottamāḥ
tvad-bandhu-jana-vāhinaḥbearing you, their lord/kinsman
tvad-bandhu-jana-vāhinaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottvat (युष्मद्) + bandhu (प्रातिपदिक) + jana (प्रातिपदिक) + vāhin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMulti-member Tatpuruṣa; Masculine, Nominative, Plural; ‘carrying your kinsman (i.e., you)’
kathamhow
katham:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
FormInterrogative adverb = ‘how?’
rathamchariot
ratham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
tvayāby you
tvayā:
Karaṇa/Hetu (करण/हेतु; ‘by/with respect to you’)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun; Instrumental, Singular
hīnamdevoid of (you)
hīnam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roothīna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies ratham; ‘deprived of’
pravakṣyantiwill draw/carry forward
pravakṣyanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√vah (धातु)
FormFuture (लृट्), 3rd Person, Plural; Parasmaipada; ‘will carry/draw’
hayottamāḥthe best horses
hayottamāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roothaya (प्रातिपदिक) + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya = ‘excellent horses’; Masculine, Nominative, Plural

How can these excellent horses who used to carry you and your friends till now draw this chariot without you even though they are at my command?

S
Sumantra
R
Rāma
R
ratha (chariot)

FAQs

Dharma is portrayed as loyalty in service: even animals and attendants are bound by a kind of faithfulness to the rightful master, reflecting the moral order around a dhārmic leader.

Sumantra expresses that even the horses will resist returning without Rāma, showing the depth of separation.

Steadfast devotion and service—Sumantra’s and symbolically even the horses’.