Shloka 44

गङ्गातरणम्, सुमन्त्र-प्रतिनिवर्तनम्, जटाधारणम्

Crossing the Gaṅgā; Sumantra’s Return; Adoption of Ascetic Signs

Devanagari script

आर्तनादो हि यः पौरैर्मुक्तस्त्वद्विप्रवासने।सरथं मां निशाम्यैव कुर्युः शतगुणं ततः।।2.52.44।।

Transliteration

ārtanādo hi yaḥ pauraiḥ muktas tvad-vipravāsane | sa-rathaṃ māṃ niśāmyaiva kuryuḥ śata-guṇaṃ tataḥ ||

Translation

تمہاری جلاوطنی کے وقت جو دردناک فریاد شہریوں نے بلند کی تھی—اب جب وہ مجھے رتھ کے ساتھ واپس آتا دیکھیں گے تو وہی فریاد سو گنا بڑھ کر کریں گے۔

Word by Word

• ārtanādaḥ: cry of anguish
• ārtanādaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; of implied ‘asti/abhavat’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ārta (प्रातिपदिक) + nāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) = ‘cry of the distressed’; Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• yaḥ: which
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; refers to ārtanādaḥ

• pauraiḥ: by the citizens
• pauraiḥ: Karta (कर्ता; in passive with muktaḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd), Plural

• muktaḥ: uttered/raised
• muktaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया; भूत)
• Type: Verb
• Root: mukta (कृदन्त, √muc)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त); Masculine, Nominative, Singular; ‘released/uttered’

• tvad-vipravāsane: at your exile
• tvad-vipravāsane: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvat (युष्मद्) + vipravāsana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa; Neuter, Locative (7th), Singular; ‘at your banishment/exile’

• sa-ratham: with the chariot
• sa-ratham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ratha (प्रातिपदिक) + sa- (सह-अर्थक अव्यय)
• Form: Avyayībhāva; Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies māṃ (‘me with the chariot’)

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म; object of niśāmya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Accusative (2nd), Singular

• niśāmya: having seen
• niśāmya: Kriyā (क्रिया; पूर्वकालिक)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-√śam (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्) = ‘having seen/observed’

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निपात) = ‘just/indeed’

• kuryuḥ: would make
• kuryuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd Person, Plural; Parasmaipada

• śataguṇam: a hundredfold
• śataguṇam: Karma (कर्म; measure)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śata (प्रातिपदिक) + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (numeral determinative) = ‘hundredfold’; Neuter, Accusative, Singular; object-complement with kuryuḥ

• tataḥ: then/thereupon
• tataḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: Ablatival adverb (तसिल्) = ‘then/thereupon/from that’

Context

You have witnessed the cry of agony raised by the citizens at the time of your banishment. Now when they see the (empty) chariot, they will make it (raise their cry) a hundredfold.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• ratha (chariot)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It underscores the dhārmic ruler’s duty to be mindful of collective suffering; the verse also reflects satya as emotional truth—Sumantra anticipates and speaks honestly about the people’s inevitable pain.

What is the narrative situation?

Sumantra foresees the citizens’ intensified lament when they witness the chariot returning without Rāma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sumantra’s empathy and truthful forethought about public sentiment.