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Shloka 61

The Origin of the Daṇḍaka Forest and Rāma’s Dharma-Judgment

Vulture vs. Owl

संध्यामुपासितुं वीर समयो ह्यतिवर्तते । एते महर्षयो राम पूर्णकुंभाः समंततः

saṃdhyāmupāsituṃ vīra samayo hyativartate | ete maharṣayo rāma pūrṇakuṃbhāḥ samaṃtataḥ

اے بہادر، سندھیا کی عبادت کا وقت یقیناً گزرتا جا رہا ہے۔ اے رام، یہ مہارشی چاروں طرف بھرے ہوئے کُمبھ (آب کے گھڑے) تھامے کھڑے ہیں۔

सन्ध्याम्twilight prayer (sandhyā)
सन्ध्याम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
उपासितुम्to perform (worship)
उपासितुम्:
Prayojana (Purpose/प्रयोजन)
TypeVerb
Rootउप + आस् (धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), ‘to worship/attend’
वीरO hero
वीर:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootवीर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन
समयःtime
समयः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसमय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/निपातार्थ)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)
अतिवर्ततेis passing by; is elapsing
अतिवर्तते:
Kriya (Main action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअति + वृत् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान/Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद
एतेthese
एते:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
महर्षयःgreat sages
महर्षयः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमह + ऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः—महान् ऋषिः (great sage)
रामO Rāma
राम:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन
पूर्णकुम्भाःthose with full pots (fully accomplished)
पूर्णकुम्भाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्ण + कुम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—पूर्णः कुम्भः येषां ते (those whose pots are full; metaphorically ‘fully accomplished’)
समन्ततःon all sides
समन्ततः:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (Place/देशाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्ततः (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place: on all sides)

Unspecified (narrative voice addressing Rāma)

Concept: Sandhyā-upāsanā is time-sensitive; spiritual discipline is maintained by honoring daily junctions with worship and purity.

Application: Keep a daily spiritual anchor (prayer/meditation) at consistent times; treat transitions (morning/evening) as sacred resets rather than letting them slip unnoticed.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Type: forest

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"At the forest’s edge during twilight, Rāma stands poised, reminded that the sandhyā hour is slipping away. Around him, serene mahārṣis form a quiet circle, each holding a gleaming pūrṇa-kumbha, as if the very air is filled with mantra-breath and disciplined stillness.","primary_figures":["Rāma","Mahārṣis (group of sages)"],"setting":"forest clearing near a small āśrama, with a simple altar stone and kusa grass, waterpots arranged in a semicircle","lighting_mood":"golden dusk","color_palette":["twilight amber","copper gold","sage green","river-clay brown","smoky violet"],"tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting style: Rāma in royal yet ascetic-appropriate attire, sages with white beards holding full waterpots, gold leaf used for the dusk glow and halos, rich reds/greens, ornate borders with traditional motifs, devotional solemnity.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari miniature style: soft dusk gradient sky, delicate trees and distant hills, sages in white with brass kumbhas catching the last light, Rāma attentive and calm, refined brushwork and lyrical quiet.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: bold outlines, stylized kumbhas with bright highlights, Rāma and sages with expressive eyes, strong red-yellow-green palette, temple-wall composition emphasizing ritual timing.","pichwai_prompt":"Pichwai cloth painting style: twilight sandhyā scene framed by lotus borders; sages with pūrṇa-kumbhas arranged symmetrically, peacocks and deer at the margins, deep blue-violet background with gold accents, devotional rhythm and pattern."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"meditative","suggested_raga":"Desh","pace":"slow-meditative","voice_tone":"serene","sound_elements":["evening birds","soft water pour","temple bell","conch shell (gentle)","mantra hum"]}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: संध्यामुपासितुम् = सन्ध्याम् + उपासितुम्; ह्यतिवर्तते = हि + अतिवर्तते।

R
Rāma
M
Maharṣis (great sages)

FAQs

It emphasizes timely performance of Sandhyā-upāsanā (twilight prayer), treating it as a dharmic duty that should not be delayed.

Full water-pots indicate readiness for ritual acts—especially ācamana and arghya—signaling that the surrounding sages are prepared to perform Sandhyā rites.

It teaches punctuality and vigilance in religious obligations: when the proper time arrives, one should act without procrastination.