Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 44

The Greatness of Bathing in the Ganges

Gaṅgā-snānā-mahātmya

जीवन्मुक्तः स चात्रैव मृतो विष्णुपदं व्रजेत् । प्रातःस्नानाद्दशगुणं पुण्यं मध्यंदिने स्मृतम् ॥ ४४ ॥

jīvanmuktaḥ sa cātraiva mṛto viṣṇupadaṃ vrajet | prātaḥsnānāddaśaguṇaṃ puṇyaṃ madhyaṃdine smṛtam || 44 ||

وہ یہیں جیتے جی مُکت ہو جاتا ہے؛ اور اگر یہیں وفات پائے تو وِشنوپد کو پہنچتا ہے۔ سمرتی کے مطابق صبح کے غسل سے دوپہر کے غسل کا پُنّیہ دس گنا ہے۔

जीवन्-मुक्तःliberated while living
जीवन्-मुक्तः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (Agent-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootजीवत् (कृदन्त; √जीव् शतृ) + मुक्त (कृदन्त; √मुच् क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘जीवन् एव मुक्तः’ (one who is liberated while living)
सःhe
सः:
कर्ता (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
समुच्चय (Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
अत्रhere
अत्र:
अधिकरण (Locative sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)
एवindeed / just
एव:
अवधारण (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
मृतःhaving died / dead
मृतः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (state of subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत (कृदन्त; √मृ क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त/क्त
विष्णु-पदम्Vishnu’s abode/state
विष्णु-पदम्:
कर्म (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootविष्णु (प्रातिपदिक) + पद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
व्रजेत्would go / may attain
व्रजेत्:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootव्रज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
प्रातः-स्नानात्than morning-bath
प्रातः-स्नानात्:
अपादान (Source/standard of comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रातः (अव्यय) + स्नान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; अव्ययीभाव: ‘प्रातः कृतं स्नानम्’
दश-गुणम्tenfold
दश-गुणम्:
विशेषण (Qualifier of पुण्यम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootदश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + गुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; परिमाणवाचक-विशेषण (tenfold)
पुण्यम्merit
पुण्यम्:
कर्ता (Subject; ‘merit’ as stated)
TypeNoun
Rootपुण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
मध्यंदिनेat midday
मध्यंदिने:
अधिकरण (Locative time)
TypeNoun
Rootमध्यंदिन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
स्मृतम्is declared / is remembered
स्मृतम्:
क्रिया (Predicative verbal notion)
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृत (कृदन्त; √स्मृ क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle) used predicatively: ‘is said/remembered’

Sage Nārada (teaching in the Uttara-bhāga tirtha context)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

V
Vishnu

FAQs

It connects tirtha-based practice with liberation: one may gain jīvanmukti through purified realization, and dying in the sanctified context leads to Viṣṇupada; it also ranks snāna by time, praising madhyāhna-snānā as especially merit-giving.

By naming Viṣṇupada as the final attainment, the verse frames the fruit of sacred practice as reaching Viṣṇu’s realm—an explicitly Vaiṣṇava goal aligned with Vishnu-bhakti and surrender, supported by disciplined tirtha observances.

It highlights ritual timing (kāla) in snāna-vidhi—an applied dharma principle closely aligned with Jyotiṣa-style time-awareness used for determining auspicious periods like prātaḥ and madhyāhna for rites.