Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 93

Kṛṣṇādi-mantra-varga-varṇana

Classification of Krishna and Related Mantras

Devanagari script

ङेंतौ च कृष्णगोविंदौ तथा कामः पुटः परः । कामः शार्ङ्गी धरासंस्थो मन्विंद्वाढ्यश्च मन्मथः ॥ ९३ ॥

Transliteration

ṅeṃtau ca kṛṣṇagoviṃdau tathā kāmaḥ puṭaḥ paraḥ | kāmaḥ śārṅgī dharāsaṃstho manviṃdvāḍhyaśca manmathaḥ || 93 ||

Translation

وہ ‘ںےمتاؤ’ کے نام سے بھی معروف ہے؛ وہی کرشن اور گووند ہے؛ اسی طرح کام، پُٹ اور پر بھی کہلاتا ہے۔ وہ شارن٘گ دھنش دھاری، دھرتی پر مستقر، منوندواڈھْی اور منمَتھ ہے۔

Word by Word

• ṅeṃtau: (the two) ṅeṃta (a name/epithet)
• ṅeṃtau: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṅeṃta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन (Dual)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction/particle: 'and')

• kṛṣṇa-govindau: Krishna and Govinda
• kṛṣṇa-govindau: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + govinda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन (Dual)

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb: 'likewise/also')

• kāmaḥ: Kāma (desire; the deity of love)
• kāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• puṭaḥ: Puṭa (a name/epithet)
• puṭaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• paraḥ: supreme/other
• paraḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (adjective)

• kāmaḥ: Kāma
• kāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• śārṅgī: Śārṅgī (bearer of the Śārṅga bow)
• śārṅgī: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śārṅgin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• dharā-saṃsthaḥ: situated on the earth
• dharā-saṃsthaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharā (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃstha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष: 'on/in the earth'); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण

• manviṃdvāḍhyaḥ: Manviṃdvāḍhya (a name/epithet)
• manviṃdvāḍhyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manv-indu-āḍhya (प्रातिपदिक: manv(=manu?) + indu + āḍhya)
• Form: समास (अनिश्चित-पाठ/दुर्लभ-प्रातिपदिक); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction: 'and')

• manmathaḥ: Manmatha (Kāma)
• manmathaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manmatha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

Speaker

Narada (instructing within a Vedanga/technical enumeration context, traditionally framed in dialogue with Sanatkumara)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhakti

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Krishna
• Govinda
• Sharnga

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

The verse functions as a sacred-name enumeration: it presents multiple epithets pointing to one Supreme reality (Para) who is also approached devotionally as Krishna/Govinda and iconographically as Śārṅgī (Vishnu with the Śārṅga bow), encouraging contemplation and name-recitation as a spiritual discipline.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By stringing together many divine names, the text highlights nāma-smaraṇa/nāma-japa: devotion deepens when the devotee repeatedly remembers the Lord through varied attributes—supreme transcendence (Para), intimate sweetness (Krishna/Govinda), and protective power (Śārṅgī).

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

This is characteristic of a technical, mnemonic listing used in Vedanga-adjacent traditions: preserving authoritative name-forms for correct recitation, phonetics, and ritual/mantra usage (especially relevant to śikṣā and vyākaraṇa concerns about exact wording).