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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 43

The Origin of the Gaṅgā and the Gods’ Defeat Caused by Bali

मात्रा हीना जना मातर्मृतप्राया न संशयः । गावो वा पशवो वापि यत्र गावो महीरुहाः ॥ ४३ ॥

mātrā hīnā janā mātarmṛtaprāyā na saṃśayaḥ | gāvo vā paśavo vāpi yatra gāvo mahīruhāḥ || 43 ||

اے ماں! جو لوگ مناسب حد و اعتدال سے محروم ہوں وہ بے شک مردہ کے مانند ہیں۔ گائیں ہوں یا دوسرے مویشی—جہاں گائے کو زمین میں جڑے درخت کی طرح محض بوجھ ڈھونے والا جانور سمجھا جائے، وہاں زندگی بے جان اور پست ہو جاتی ہے۔

मात्राby/with a mother; with maternal (presence)
मात्रा:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन
हीनाःdeprived (of)
हीनाः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-विशेषण from √हा)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन; ‘deprived of’
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), बहुवचन
मातःO mother
मातः:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन
मृत-प्रायाःalmost dead
मृत-प्रायाः:
Predicative (विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत (कृदन्त; √मृ) + प्राय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः (मृतप्रायाः = almost dead)
no / not
:
Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Predicative (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन
गावःcows
गावः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन
वाor
वा:
Samuccaya/Vikalpa (समुच्चय/विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय (disjunctive particle)
पशवःanimals
पशवः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपशु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन
वाor
वा:
Samuccaya/Vikalpa (समुच्चय/विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय
अपिalso/even
अपि:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (also/even)
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक अव्यय (relative adverb of place: where)
गावःcows
गावः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन
मही-रुहाःtrees (earth-growers)
मही-रुहाः:
Predicative/Enumeration (विधेय/गणना)
TypeNoun
Rootमही (प्रातिपदिक) + रुह (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √रुह्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (महीरुहाः = those growing from the earth, i.e., trees)

Narada (in dialogue context with the Sanatkumara tradition; vocative 'mātar' indicates an addressed Mother-figure within the discourse)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta (peace)

Secondary Rasa: raudra (anger)

FAQs

It teaches that life becomes spiritually inert when people lose “mātrā”—right measure, restraint, and dharmic proportion—resulting in a condition described as ‘almost dead’ even while living.

Bhakti is sustained by dharmic order and compassion; protecting and honoring life—especially through go-sevā—supports sattva and makes the heart fit for remembrance and worship of the Divine.

The key practical principle is “mātrā” (measure/proportion), a foundational idea aligned with Śikṣā (correct regulation/discipline) and ritual propriety—without proper measure, practice becomes fruitless and life declines.