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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 19

Janaka Instructs Śuka: Āśrama-Sequence, Guru-Dependence, and Marks of Liberation

जनक उवाच । न विना ज्ञानविज्ञाने मोक्षस्याधिगमो भवेत् । न विना गुरुसंबधाज्ज्ञानस्याधिगमस्तथा ॥ १९ ॥

janaka uvāca | na vinā jñānavijñāne mokṣasyādhigamo bhavet | na vinā gurusaṃbadhājjñānasyādhigamastathā || 19 ||

جنک نے کہا—علم اور علمِ محققہ (تحققِ معرفت) کے بغیر موکش کی حصولی ممکن نہیں؛ اور اسی طرح گرو سے تعلق کے بغیر سچا علم بھی حاصل نہیں ہوتا۔

जनकःJanaka
जनकः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootजनक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negative particle)
विनाwithout
विना:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/without-relation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविना (अव्यय)
Formउपपद-अव्यय/पूर्वसर्गसदृश (prepositional indeclinable) = 'without'; षष्ठी/तृतीया-समर्थ (governs Genitive/Instrumental usage)
ज्ञान-विज्ञानेin knowledge and realization
ज्ञान-विज्ञाने:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + विज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), द्विवचन (Dual); द्वन्द्व-समास (copulative)
मोक्षस्यof liberation
मोक्षस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootमोक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन (Singular)
अधिगमःattainment
अधिगमः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअधिगम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
भवेत्would be / could occur
भवेत्:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negative particle)
विनाwithout
विना:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/without-relation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविना (अव्यय)
Formउपपद-अव्यय (prepositional indeclinable) = 'without'
गुरु-सम्बन्धात्from (i.e., without) connection with a guru
गुरु-सम्बन्धात्:
Apadana (अपादान/Ablative source)
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक) + सम्बन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (guru-sambandha = 'connection with a guru')
ज्ञानस्यof knowledge
ज्ञानस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन (Singular)
अधिगमःattainment
अधिगमः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअधिगम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb) = 'likewise/so'

Janaka

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

J
Janaka
G
Guru
M
Moksha
J
Jnana
V
Vijnana

FAQs

It states a two-step necessity for liberation: (1) jñāna joined with vijñāna—knowledge that becomes direct realization—and (2) the indispensable role of Guru-saṃbandha, because authentic knowledge is traditionally transmitted and stabilized through a realized teacher.

While the verse speaks in the language of jñāna, it supports Bhakti in practice by emphasizing surrender to guidance (Guru-saṃbandha). In the Narada Purana’s moksha-dharma framing, devotion matures when one learns the correct understanding from a Guru and turns it into lived realization.

No specific Vedanga (like Vyākaraṇa, Jyotiṣa, or Kalpa) is named; the practical takeaway is the method of learning itself—knowledge must be received through a proper teacher-student lineage (ācārya-paramparā) and then internalized as vijñāna.