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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 17

Janaka Instructs Śuka: Āśrama-Sequence, Guru-Dependence, and Marks of Liberation

शुक उवाच । उत्पन्ने ज्ञानविज्ञाने प्रत्यक्षे हृदि शश्वते । न विना गुरुसंवासाज्ज्ञानस्याधिगमः स्मृतः ॥ १७ ॥

śuka uvāca | utpanne jñānavijñāne pratyakṣe hṛdi śaśvate | na vinā gurusaṃvāsājjñānasyādhigamaḥ smṛtaḥ || 17 ||

شُک نے کہا—اگرچہ دل میں براہِ راست اور دائمی علم و وِجنان پیدا ہو جائے، پھر بھی گُرو کی صحبت کے بغیر علم کی حقیقی دستیابی کو سمِرتی نے تسلیم نہیں کیا۔

शुकःŚuka
शुकः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootशुक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
उत्पन्नेwhen (it is) arisen
उत्पन्ने:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa; locative absolute)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्पन्न (कृदन्त; उत्-√पद्/√पद् धातु)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग?; सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute)
ज्ञानknowledge
ज्ञान:
सम्बन्ध (within compound)
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासाङ्ग (compound member)
विज्ञानेin knowledge-and-realization
विज्ञाने:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa; locative absolute)
TypeNoun
Rootविज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; द्वन्द्व-समासः: ज्ञान-विज्ञान (knowledge and realization)
प्रत्यक्षेwhen (it is) directly perceived
प्रत्यक्षे:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa; locative absolute)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्यक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute)
हृदिin the heart
हृदि:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootहृद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
शश्वतेwhen (it is) eternal/constant
शश्वते:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa; locative absolute)
TypeAdjective
Rootशश्वत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute)
not
:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation)
विनाwithout
विना:
अपादान (Apādāna/Separation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविना (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; वियोग/अपवादार्थक (without); प्रायः तृतीया/पञ्चमी-सह (governs instrumental/ablative sense)
गुरुteacher
गुरु:
सम्बन्ध (within compound)
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासाङ्ग (compound member)
संवासात्from living with the teacher
संवासात्:
अपादान (Apādāna/Source; ‘without ...’)
TypeNoun
Rootसंवास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: गुरु-संवास (dwelling with the teacher)
ज्ञानस्यof knowledge
ज्ञानस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
अधिगमःattainment
अधिगमः:
कर्ता/भाव (Karta as subject-noun)
TypeNoun
Rootअधिगम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
स्मृतःis held/remembered (as)
स्मृतः:
क्रिया (Predicative; passive)
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृत (कृदन्त; √स्मृ धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle) पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे ‘is considered/remembered’

Śuka

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

Ś
Śuka
G
Guru

FAQs

It establishes guru-saṃvāsa (living contact with an authentic teacher) as indispensable for firm realization, even when inner insight appears—because tradition safeguards, confirms, and stabilizes knowledge into liberating wisdom.

While the verse speaks in the language of jñāna-vijñāna, it aligns with bhakti by emphasizing surrender to guidance—devotion matures through the Guru’s instruction, correction, and lived example, preventing self-deception in spiritual practice.

The practical takeaway is the Vedic pedagogy itself: knowledge is traditionally transmitted through a teacher-student lineage (ācārya-paramparā), where correct understanding (especially of subtle meanings) is secured through guided study and disciplined practice.