Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 23

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

लिडतीते परोक्षे स्यात् श्वस्तने लुङ् भविष्यति । स्यादनद्यतने लृटू च भविष्यति तु धातुतः ॥ २३ ॥

Transliteration

liḍatīte parokṣe syāt śvastane luṅ bhaviṣyati | syādanadyatane lṛṭū ca bhaviṣyati tu dhātutaḥ || 23 ||

Translation

بعید و غیر مشہود ماضی کے عمل میں ‘لِٹ’ لکار آتا ہے؛ اور کل ہونے والے عمل میں ‘لُنگ’ لکار برتا جاتا ہے۔ اسی طرح غیر فوری مستقبل میں دھاتو کے مطابق ‘لِرٹ’ اور ‘لِرِنگ’ بھی آتے ہیں۔

Word by Word

• liṭ: the Perfect tense-marker (liṭ)
• liṭ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: liṭ (प्रत्याहार/लकार-संज्ञा)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); लकार-संज्ञा as technical term

• atīte: in the past
• atīte: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: atīta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); adjectival use qualifying implied 'kāle' (time)

• parokṣe: in the unseen/indirect (past)
• parokṣe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); adjectival use qualifying implied 'kāle'

• syāt: would be/should be
• syāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (अस् धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• śvastane: in tomorrow (time)
• śvastane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śvas-tana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); 'on the morrow' (tomorrow-time)

• luṅ: the Aorist tense-marker (luṅ)
• luṅ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: luṅ (प्रत्याहार/लकार-संज्ञा)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); लकार-sañjñā

• bhaviṣyati: will be
• bhaviṣyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: Simple Future (लृट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• syāt: would be/should be
• syāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (अस् धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• anadyatane: in non-today (time)
• anadyatane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: an-adyatana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); 'not of today' (i.e., non-immediate time)

• lṛṭ: the Future tense-marker (lṛṭ)
• lṛṭ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lṛṭ (प्रत्याहार/लकार-संज्ञा)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); लकार-sañjñā

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• bhaviṣyati: will be
• bhaviṣyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: Simple Future (लृट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात/अव्यय), adversative/emphatic

• dhātutaḥ: from the verbal root
• dhātutaḥ: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dhātu (धातु-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ablative adverb (तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय), from 'dhātu' + -tas; sense: 'from the root'

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada the Vedanga of Vyakarana)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It elevates Vyākaraṇa (grammar) as a Vedāṅga: precision in tense and meaning protects the integrity of mantra, śāstra-study, and teaching—supporting clarity on the path of Mokṣa.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By insisting on correct verbal usage, it indirectly supports Bhakti practice: accurate recitation and comprehension of stotra, nāma, and scriptural statements about Bhagavān depend on grammatical discernment.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa: the rule-based assignment of lakāras—liṭ for unseen/remote past, luṅ for tomorrow-related usage, and lṛṭ/lṛṅ for non-immediate future—chosen in accordance with the dhātu.