Śreyas and Paramārtha: The Ribhu–Nidāgha Teaching on Non-Dual Self
Advaita
परमार्थाध्यात्ममेतत्तुभ्यमुक्तं मुनीश्वर । ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां श्रोर्तॄणां चापि मुक्तिदम् ॥ ९३ ॥
paramārthādhyātmametattubhyamuktaṃ munīśvara | brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāṃ śrortṝṇāṃ cāpi muktidam || 93 ||
اے سردارِ رِشیو! پرمارتھ سے متعلق یہ اعلیٰ ترین آدھیاتمک تعلیم میں نے تمہیں کہہ دی ہے۔ یہ برہمن، کشتری، ویش اور نیز عقیدت سے سننے والے سامعین کے لیے بھی نجات بخش ہے۔
Sanatkumara (teaching Narada)
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: bhakti
It affirms that paramārtha-adhyātma (the highest spiritual truth) is itself a direct means to liberation, and that merely hearing it with receptivity (śravaṇa) can become muktidam—liberation-giving.
While it speaks in the language of adhyātma and moksha, it highlights śrotṛ (the devoted listener). In Purāṇic practice, attentive hearing of sacred instruction is a core bhakti-aṅga (devotional limb) and becomes a gateway to inner transformation and release.
No specific Vedāṅga (like Vyākaraṇa or Jyotiṣa) is taught in this verse; the practical takeaway is the discipline of śravaṇa—systematic listening to authorized teaching—as a sādhanā emphasized across Vedic learning traditions.